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Crosshead
A crosshead is a mechanism used in long reciprocating engines and reciprocating compressors to eliminate sideways pressure on the piston. Also the crosshead enables the connecting rod to freely move outside the cylinder. Because of the very small bore to stroke ratio on such engines ,the connecting rod would hit the cylinder walls and block the engine from rotating if the piston was attached direct to the connecting rod like on trunk engines. Hence the position where the crosshead is placed , is equal to the engine stroke.
==Overview==
On smaller engines the connecting rod links the piston and the crankshaft directly, but this transmits sideways forces to the piston, since the crankpin (and thus the direction the force is applied) moves from side to side with the rotary motion of the crank. These transverse forces are tolerable in a smaller engine; a larger engine's much greater forces would cause an intolerable degree of wear on the piston and cylinder, as well as increasing overall friction in the engine.
A piston rod is attached to the piston and links it to the crosshead, which is a large casting sliding in crosshead guides (UK: ''slidebar''), allowing it only to move in the same direction as the piston travel. The crosshead also houses the gudgeon pin on which the small end of the connecting rod pivots. In this way, the transverse forces are applied only to the crosshead and its bearings, not to the piston itself.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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