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A crosswind is any wind that has a perpendicular component to the line or direction of travel. They affect the aerodynamics of many forms of transport. In aviation, a crosswind is the component of wind that is blowing across the runway, making landings and take-offs more difficult than if the wind were blowing straight down the runway. If a crosswind is strong enough, it can damage an aircraft's undercarriage upon landing. Crosswinds, sometimes abbreviated as X/WIND, are reported in knots, abbreviated kt, and often use the plural form in expressions such as "with 40kt crosswinds". Smaller aircraft are often not limited by their ability to land in a crosswind, but may see their ability to taxi safely reduced. Crosswinds can also cause difficulty with ground vehicles traveling on wet or slippery roads (snow, ice, standing water, etc.), especially when gusting conditions affect vehicles that have a large side area such as vans, SUVs, and tractor-trailers. This can be dangerous for motorists because of the possible lift force created, causing the vehicle to lose traction or change direction of travel. The safest way for motorists to deal with crosswinds is by reducing their speed to reduce the effect of the lift force and to steer into the direction of the crosswind. Cyclists are also significantly affected by crosswinds. Saving energy by avoiding riding in wind is a major part of the tactics of Road bicycle racing, and this particularly applies in crosswinds. In crosswinds, groups of cyclists form 'echelons', rotating from the windward and leeward side. 〔 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://cyclingtips.com.au/2008/09/echelon-the-crosswinds/ )〕 Riders who fail to form part of an echelon will have to work much harder, and can be dropped by the group that they were with. 〔 Crosswinds are common on races near the coast, and in particular are often a feature of the Belgian classic one-day races, 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://womenscycling.ie/crosswinds-crashes-and-cobbles-brice-makes-team-velosport-debut/ )〕 or flat stages of the Tour de France. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/http:/www.cyclingnews.com/news/tour-de-france-froome-hails-huge-advantage-over-nibali-and-quintana-after-crosswinds/ )〕 When winds are not parallel to or directly with/against the line of travel, the wind is said to have a crosswind ''component''; that is, the force can be separated into two vector components, a crosswind component and a headwind or tailwind component. A vehicle behaves as though it is directly experiencing a crosswind in the magnitude of the crosswind component only. The crosswind component is computed by multiplying the wind speed by the sine of the angle between the wind and the direction of travel. For example, a 10-knot wind coming at 45 degrees from either side will have a crosswind component of 10 knots × sin(45°) or about 7.07 knots. The headwind component is computed in the same manner, using cosine instead of sine. To determine the crosswind component in aviation, aviators frequently refer to a nomograph chart on which the wind speed and angle are plotted, and the crosswind component is read from a reference line. Direction of travel relative to the wind may be left or right, up or down, or oblique; moving non-parallel to the wind's direction creates a crosswind component on the object and thus increasing the apparent wind on the object; such use of cross wind travel is used to advantage by sailing craft, kiteboarding craft, power kiting, etc.〔http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~highwind/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Loyd1980.pdf〕 == See also == * Tailwind * Headwind * Air navigation * E6B * Tacking (sailing) * Crosswind stabilization 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Crosswind」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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