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Empetrum nigrum
''Empetrum nigrum'', crowberry or black crowberry, is a species of ''Empetrum'' with a circumboreal distribution.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Empetrum nigrum L. )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work = PLANTS )〕 It is usually dioecious, but there is a bisexual tetraploid subspecies, ''Empetrum nigrum'' ssp. ''hermaphroditum'', that occurs in more northerly locations and at higher altitude.〔Stace, CA (2010) New Flora of the British Isles, 3rd edition. Cambridge University press. ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5. pp. 525〕〔http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/erica/empet/empenig.html 〕
The metabolism and photosynthetic parameters of ''Empretrum'' can be altered in winter-warming experiments.〔Bokhorst S, Bjerke JW, Davey MP, Taulavuori K, Taulavuori E, Laine K, Callaghan TV, Phoenix GK. 2010. Impacts of extreme winter warming events on plant physiology in a sub-Arctic heath community. Physiologia Plantarum. 140(2): 128-140.〕
==Description==
The leaves are long, arranged alternately along the stem. The fruits are drupes, wide, usually black or purplish-black but occasionally red.〔(Jepson eFlora: ''Empetrum nigrum'' )〕
The fruits contain mostly water. Their vitamin content is low, as is the concentration of volatile liquids, the lack of which makes them almost odorless. The acidity is lower than is typically encountered in forest berries, and benzene acids are almost absent.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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