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Ctesiphon was the capital city of the Parthian and Sasanian Empires (247 BC–224 AD and 224–651 respectively). It was one of the great cities of late ancient Mesopotamia. Its most conspicuous structure remaining today is the great archway of Ctesiphon.〔''Eventually no less than four Sasanian rulers were quoted as its builders: Shapur I (241–273), Shapur II (310–379), Khosrau I Anushirvan (531–579) and Chosroes II Parvez (590–628).'' 〕 It was situated on the eastern bank of the Tigris across from where the Greek city of Seleucia stood and northeast of ancient Babylon. Today, the remains of the city lie in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq, approximately south of the city of Baghdad. Ctesiphon was the largest city in the world from 570 AD, until its fall in 637 AD, during the Muslim conquests.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Largest Cities Through History )〕 ==Names== The Latin name ''ラテン語:Ctesiphon'' derives from Ancient Greek ' (), a Hellenized form of a local name that has been reconstructed as ''Tisfōn'' or ''Tisbōn''.〔''E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936'', Vol. 2 (Brill, 1987: ISBN 90-04-08265-4), p. 75.〕 In Iranian-language texts of the Sassanid period it is spelled as ''tyspwn'' (which can be read as ''Tīsfōn'', ''Tēsifōn'', etc.) in Manichaean Parthian, in Middle Persian and in Christian Sogdian (in Syriac alphabet) languages. The New Persian form is ''Tīsfūn'' (). Syriac sources mention it as ' (), and in medieval Arabic texts the name is usually ''Ṭaysafūn'' () or ''Qaṭaysfūn'' () in Modern Arabic as ''al-Mada'in'' () (literally "The Cities", referring to the Greater Ctesiphon). "According to Yāqūt (), quoting Ḥamza, the original form was Ṭūsfūn or Tūsfūn, which was arabicized as Ṭaysafūn." The Armenian name of the city was ''Tizbon'' (). Ctesiphon is first mentioned in the Book of Ezra〔Ezra 8:17〕 of the Old Testament as Kasfia/Casphia (a derivative of the ethnic name, Cas, and a cognate of Caspian and Qazvin). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ctesiphon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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