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Cuajimalpa de Morelos () (more commonly known simply as Cuajimalpa) is one of the 16 boroughs of Mexico City. It is located on the west side of the Federal District in the Sierra de las Cruces mountains which separate Mexico City from the State of Mexico. The borough is named after the former rural town of Cuajimalpa, which has since been absorbed by urban sprawl. The borough is home to the Desierto de los Leones National Park, the first declared in Mexico as well as the second largest annual passion play in Mexico City. ==History== The proper name of the borough is Cuajimalpa de Morelos. The borough was named after the prominent community and former municipality of San Pedro Cuajimalpa which remains the seat of local government. “Cuajimalpa” is derived from the Nahuatl “Cuauhximalpan” which meant place of sawmills.〔 〕〔 〕 The appendage of “de Morelos” was added in 1970 to honor José María Morelos, a hero of the Mexican War of Independence .〔 〕 In 1342 the Tepanecas established themselves in the area, controlling the forests for about 100 years from their capital in Azcapotzalco. When the Tepanecas were overthrown by the Aztec Triple Alliance in the mid 15th century, many fled to this rugged terrain.〔 〕〔 〕 During the Spanish conquest, Hernán Cortés subdued settlements in the area such as Santa Rosa, Santa Lucía, Cuauhximalpan, Chimalpa and Acopilco to secure the roads leading to the Toluca Valley. In 1534, Cortés took personal control of lands in the area, calling it San Pedro Cuauhximalpa and established towns such as San Lorenzo Acopilco, San Mateo Tlaltenango and San Pablo Chimalpa.〔〔 〕 In the 17th century the Carmelites founded a hermitage and monastery called Desierto de los Leones, today a museum and national park.〔 At this time, the indigenous population of the area recovered enough that there were efforts to reclaim lost territory and government. To this end a type of codex called “techialoayan” were created to document the history of indigenous communities to make legal claims. One of the most important of this is the Techialoyan Codex of Cuajimalpa. It describes a solemn meeting of authorities to confirm the extension and political organization of the area. Written in Nahuatl, it remained a valid legal document until 1865, when then Emperor Maximilian I had it translated into Spanish. Today the original document is part of the Mexican Federal Archives. In 1997, the document was named as part of the “Memory of the World” by UNESCO .〔 〕 From the colonial period into the 19th and early 20th centuries, the most common economic activities in the area was the harvesting of firewood and the making of charcoal with some raising of crops and livestock for domestic consumption. The area was also important as a way station, providing lodging and food to travelers between the Valley of Mexico and the Toluca Valley.〔〔 In 1884, a rail line was constructed through the same area.〔 In the early 19th century, the first insurgent army under Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla arrived to the area, with Hidalgo himself staying at the Mesón San Luisito.〔 The town of Cuajimalpa was made the seat of a municipality in 1862. During the last decades of the 19th century and into the 20th modern services such as running water, paved roads and electric lighting were introduced. A number of industries related to construction supplies were also founded.〔 During the Mexican Revolution there were clashes in the area between forces loyal to Venustiano Carranza and Emiliano Zapata in El Contadero and San Pedro. One story from the time says that the Zapatistas cut the ears of the inhabitants of the town of Cuajimalpa to distinguish them from those loyal to Carranza.〔 In 1929, the area’s status was changed from municipality to borough with the reorganization of the Federal District of Mexico City.〔〔 Although it remained very rural until the 1930s, its main economic activities were in decline with many moving to Mexico City.〔 Prior to the 1950s urbanization of the area was limited because of its terrain.〔 In the mid 20th century, the industrialization of the Valley of Mexico began to reach the borough of Cuajimalpa. The population of the area increased over 900% from 1950 to 1980, with the highest rate of growth in the 1970s.〔〔 New residential construction fueled the growth, covering former forest and agricultural areas especially in areas such as San Lorenzo Acopilco, Las Lajas, La Pila, Las Maromas, Xalpa, Cola de Pato, Atliburros, Cruz Blanca, Moneruco, Chancocoyotl, Teopazulco, Tlapeaca, Texcalco and Pito Real. These include large residential subdivisions such as El Contadero and Lomas de Vista Hermosa, as well as unregulated settlements on the sides of hills and small canyons.〔 The pace of growth remained high in the 1980s, in part due to the 1985 earthquake, which prompted many to move away from the soft soils of the city center into the more solid rock of the west and south of the valley. However, the rapid development began to cause environmental problems, including the building over former pit mines which had later been used as landfills. In the 1990s, efforts were begun to regulate growth and protect natural areas.〔 Much of the territory has been urbanized and contains some of the city’s most expensive residential and commercial real estate, with newer developments for upper classes pushing out lower income groups.〔 In the 1990s and 2000s there were changes in the borough’s borders due to the settlements of disputes between the Federal District and the State of Mexico.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cuajimalpa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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