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Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits and the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of around a hundred genera, the most important of which are:
*''Cucurbita'' – squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds
*''Lagenaria'' – mostly inedible gourds
*''Citrullus'' – watermelon (''C. lanatus'', ''C. colocynthis'') and others
*''Cucumis'' – cucumber (''C. sativus''), various melons
*''Luffa'' – the common name is also luffa, sometimes spelled loofah (when fully ripened, two species of this fibrous fruit are the source of the loofah scrubbing sponge)
The plants in this family are grown around the tropics and in temperate areas, where those with edible fruits were among the earliest cultivated plants both in the Old and New Worlds. The Cucurbitaceae family ranks among the highest of plant families for number and percentage of species used as human food.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cucurbits )〕
The Cucurbitaceae consist of 98 proposed genera with 975 species,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website )〕 mainly in regions tropical and subtropical. All species are sensitive to frost. Most of the plants in this family are annual vines, but some are woody lianas, thorny shrubs, or trees (''Dendrosicyos''). Many species have large, yellow or white flowers. The stems are hairy and pentangular. Tendrils are present at 90° to the leaf petioles at nodes. Leaves are exstipulate alternate simple palmately lobed or palmately compound. The flowers are unisexual, with male and female flowers on different plants (dioecious) or on the same plant (monoecious). The female flowers have inferior ovaries. The fruit is often a kind of modified berry called a pepo.
== Classification ==
The following is a classification given by Charles Jeffrey in 1990. However, a 2011 study based on genetics does not support this taxonomy with two subfamilies and eight tribes, but rather delineates 15 tribes, five of them new, consisting of 95 genera rather than Jeffrey's 121.
Subfamily Zanonioideae (small striate pollen grains)
*Tribe Zanonieae
*
*Subtribe Fevilleinae: ''Fevillea''
*
*Subtribe Zanoniinae: ''Alsomitra Zanonia Siolmatra Gerrardanthus Zygosicyos Xerosicyos Neoalsomitra''
*
*Subtribe Gomphogyninae: ''Hemsleya Gomphogyne Gynostemma''
*
*Subtribe Actinostemmatinae: ''Bolbostemma Actinostemma''
*
*Subtribe Sicydiinae: ''Sicydium Chalema Pteropepon Pseudosicydium Cyclantheropsis''
Subfamily Cucurbitoideae (styles united into a single column)
*Tribe Melothrieae
*
*Subtribe Dendrosicyinae: ''Kedrostis Dendrosicyos Corallocarpus Ibervillea Tumamoca Halosicyos Ceratosanthes Doyerea Trochomeriopsis Seyrigia Dieterlea Cucurbitella Apodanthera Guraniopsis Melothrianthus Wilbrandia''
*
*Subtribe Guraniinae: ''Helmontia Psiguria Gurania''
*
*Subtribe Cucumerinae: ''Melancium Cucumeropsis Posadaea Melothria Muellarargia Zehneria Cucumis'' (including: ''Mukia'', ''Dicaelospermum'', ''Cucumella, Oreosyce'', and ''Myrmecosicyos'' ).
*
*Subtribe Trochomeriinae: ''Solena Trochomeria Dactyliandra Ctenolepis''
*Tribe Schizopeponeae: ''Schizopepon''
*Tribe Joliffieae
*
*Subtribe Thladianthinae: ''Indofevillea Siraitia Thladiantha Momordica''
*
*Subtribe Telfairiinae: ''Telfairia''
*Tribe Trichosantheae
*
*Subtribe Hodgsoniinae: ''Hodgsonia''
*
*Subtribe Ampelosicyinae: ''Ampelosicyos Peponium''
*
*Subtribe Trichosanthinae: ''Gymnopetalum Trichosanthes Tricyclandra''
*
*Subtribe Herpetosperminae: ''Cephalopentandra Biswarea Herpetospermum Edgaria''
*Tribe Benincaseae
*
*Subtribe Benincasinae: ''Cogniauxia Ruthalicia Lagenaria Benincasa Praecitrullus Citrullus Acanthosicyos Eureiandra Bambekea Nothoalsomitra Coccinia Diplocyclos Raphidiocystis Lemurosicyos Zombitsia Ecballium Bryonia''
*
*Subtribe Luffinae: ''Luffa''
*Tribe Cucurbiteae (pantoporate, spiny pollen): ''Cucurbita Sicana Tecunumania Calycophysum Peponopsis Anacaona Polyclathra Schizocarpum Penelopeia Cionosicyos Cayaponia Selysia Abobra
*Tribe Sicyeae (trichomatous nectary, four- to 10-colporate pollen grains)
*
*Subtribe Cyclantherinae: ''Hanburia Echinopepon Marah Echinocystis Vaseyanthus Brandegea Apatzingania Cremastopus Elateriopsis Pseudocyclanthera Cyclanthera Rytidostylis
*
*Subtribe Sicyinae: ''Sicyos Sicyosperma Parasicyos Microsechium Sechium Sechiopsis Pterosicyos''
*incertae sedis: ''Odosicyos''
Alphabetical list of genera:
''Abobra Acanthosicyos Actinostemma Alsomitra Ampelosycios Anacaona Apatzingania Apodanthera Bambekea Benincasa Biswarea Bolbostemma Brandegea Bryonia Calycophysum Cayaponia Cephalopentandra Ceratosanthes Chalema Cionosicyos Citrullus Coccinia Cogniauxia Corallocarpus Cremastopus Ctenolepis Cucumella Cucumeropsis Cucumis Cucurbita Cucurbitella Cyclanthera Dactyliandra Dendrosicyos Dicaelospermum Dieterlea Diplocyclos Doyerea Ecballium Echinocystis Echinopepon Edgaria Elateriopsis Eureiandra Fevillea Gerrardanthus Gomphogyne Gurania Guraniopsis Gymnopetalum Gynostemma Halosicyos Hanburia Helmontia Hemsleya Herpetospermum Hodgsonia Ibervillea Indofevillea Kedrostis Lagenaria Lemurosicyos Luffa Marah Melancium Melothria Melothrianthus Microsechium Momordica Muellerargia Mukia Myrmecosicyos Neoalsomitra Nothoalsomitra Odosicyos Oreosyce Parasicyos Penelopeia Peponium Peponopsis Polyclathra Posadaea Praecitrullus Pseudocyclanthera Pseudosicydium Psiguria Pteropepon Pterosicyos Raphidiocystis Ruthalicia Rytidostylis Schizocarpum Schizopepon Sechiopsis Sechium Selysia Seyrigia Sicana Sicydium Sicyos Sicyosperma Siolmatra Siraitia Solena Tecunumania Telfairia Thladiantha Trichosanthes Tricyclandra Trochomeria Trochomeriopsis Tumacoca Vaseyanthus Wilbrandia Xerosicyos Zanonia Zehneria Zombitsia Zygosicyos''〔Ref: (Watson and Dallwitz ) 3 September 2002〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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