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Cullercoats is an urban area of North East England, with a population 9,407 in 2004.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 2007-06-30 )〕 It has now been absorbed into the North Tyneside conurbation, sitting between Tynemouth and Whitley Bay.The population of this North Tyneside ward at the 2011 census was 9,202.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=North Tyneside Ward population 2011 )〕 There is a semi-circular sandy beach with cliffs and caves, and the village is a popular destination for day-trippers. The name is thought to derive from Dove (or Culver) Cotes. ==History and architecture== Cullercoats village was founded in 1539. Historically the village depended on fishing; there was also local coal mining in so-called bell pits. The coal was used to fire salt pans (now long gone) on the field now known as the boat field. As a port, Cullercoats was used to export both salt and coal. A new harbour and pier were constructed in 1682 and a waggonway which brought coal to the village from inland workings was added in 1690. These innovations resulted in a flourishing trade. However, the salt industry declined and the growth of the railways led to coal shipments being relocated to better harbours. By 1710 the pier had been severely damaged and the waggonway's condition had deteriorated. The last salt pans moved to Blyth in 1726. This left fishing as the main industry and two piers were built on either side of the harbour in the 19th century to provide shelter for the many open top fishing vessels, or cobles, launched from the harbour.〔http://www.northtyneside.gov.uk/browse-display.shtml?p_ID=532491&p_subjectCategory=1432〕 The harbour is the home of the Dove Marine Laboratory of 1897,〔 a research and teaching laboratory which forms part of the School of Marine Science and Technology within Newcastle University.〔http://www.ncl.ac.uk/marine/about/findus/dovelaboratory.htm〕 In 1848, a coble taking a pilot to a ship further out at sea capsized with the loss of all on board. In response to this disaster the local landowner, the Duke of Northumberland funded the setting up of an RNLI lifeboat station. The following year a second disaster, this time costing 20 lifeboat crew their lives, prompted the Duke to sponsor a competition to design a self-righting lifeboat. The resulting boat, the ''Percy'' was built at the Duke's expense and delivered to Cullercoats in 1852.〔(RNLI History of coastal lifesaving ) Retrieved 2009-10-25〕 The Brigade House and watchtower were designed by Newcastle upon Tyne-based architect Frank West Rich in 1877-79, but the lifeboat station remained in use, with a few minor alterations, until 2003 when a new station was opened.〔Compass: RNLI, Summer, 2007〕 The Bay Hotel, an important local landmark, was demolished in 2005. It is notable for a period in the 1880s when it was home to the American watercolour artist Winslow Homer who stayed in room 17 of the Hudleston Arms (1870) (later called the Bay Hotel), and maintained a studio across the road at No.12 Bank Top〔http://www.twsitelines.info/smr/7081〕 (demolished 1930). Homer was a resident in Cullercoats for approximately 18 months, from late March 1881 to early November 1882. An apartment block, named Winslow Court, has been built on the site of the Bay Hotel (2007). Homer was the most famous of the professional artists who were part of the "Cullercoats Colony" in the period 1870–1920. Others included Henry H. Emmerson, Robert Jobling, Arthur H. Marsh, Isa Thompson, John Falconer Slater and John Charlton and visitors like Ralph Hedley. Cullercoats is interesting from an architectural perspective: on Simpson Street there is a row of fishermen's cottages which were preserved during the redevelopment of the village in the 1970s. Between the coast and the railway (now Metro) line are Victorian terraces. The land immediately on the other side consists of long avenues of semi-detached houses built between the wars. Another change can be seen along the line of Broadway where the housing changes again to mixed semi-detached/detached 1970s and 1980s housing estates built around long winding roads and cul-de-sacs. Also of note is St George's Parish Church as a good example of Gothic revival architecture.〔http://www.stgeorgescullercoats.org.uk/our-heritage/our-heritage-2522.php〕 The present station was first opened by the North Eastern Railway in 1882, and the original station buildings are still in use, although now for the Tyne and Wear Metro.〔http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/c/cullercoats_second/〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cullercoats」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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