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Culturalism Culturalism is a philosophical concept coined by Polish-American philosopher and sociologist, Florian Znaniecki.〔 This term was introduced in his book ''Cultural Reality'' (1919) in the English language and would be translated into Polish as ''kulturalizm''; previously Znaniecki discussed this concept in Polish works as ''humanism'' (''humanizm'')〔Dulczewski (1984), pp. 186–187.〕 and the term is occasionally refereed to as new humanism〔Hałas (2010), p. 12.〕 or Znaniecki's humanism.〔Hałas (2010), p. 214.〕 ==Origins== Znaniecki's culturalism was based on philosophies and theories of Matthew Arnold (Culture and Anarchy), Friedrich Nietzsche (voluntarism), Henri Bergson (creative evolutionism), Wilhelm Dilthey (philosophy of life), William James, John Dewey (pragmatism) and Ferdinand C. Schiller (humanism).〔 It was based on his earlier Polish-language works from the early 1910s and introduced to the English audience in his ''Cultural Reality'' (1919).〔〔 Florian Znaniecki criticized the some principal philosophical viewpoints: intellectualism,〔Hałas (2010), p. 52.〕 idealism realism〔 naturalism〔〔〔Hałas (2010), p. 21.〕 and rationalism.〔 He also avoided irrationalism and intuitionism.〔
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