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Culturology
Culturology is a branch of social sciences specific to Eastern Europe that is concerned with the scientific understanding, description, analysis, and prediction of cultural activities and systems. The type of cultural studies regarding different social practices was therefore studied as an aspect of sociology, ethnology, and anthropology, and less as an aspect of culturology.
==History of the term in Eastern Europe==
The notion of culturology ((ロシア語:Культурология), (ウクライナ語:Культурологія), ) in the Russian Empire may be traced to the late 19th and early 20th centuries and associated with Mikhail Bakhtin, Aleksei Losev, Sergey Averintsev, Georgy Gachev, Yuri Lotman, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Vladimir Toporov, and others.〔Mikhail Epstein, Transcultural Experiments: Russian and American Models of Creative Communication. New York: St. Martin's Press (Scholarly and Reference Division), 1969, (Chapter 1: From Culturology to Transculture )〕 During the Stalinist era this kind of research was superseded by Marxist social studies. Culturology re-emerged in the Soviet Union as an interdisciplinary field in the late 1960s.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, culturology was reintroduced into the Higher Attestation Commission's list of specialties for which scientific degrees may be awarded in the Russian Federation and is now a compulsory object of study during the first year at institutions of higher education and in secondary schools.〔(specialties ) 〕 Defined as the study of human cultures, their integral systems, and their influence on human behavior, it may be formally compared to the Western discipline of cultural studies, although it has a number of important distinctions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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