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Cumbric was a variety of the Common Brittonic language spoken during the Early Middle Ages in the ''Hen Ogledd'' or "Old North" in what is now Northern England and southern Lowland Scotland. It was closely related to Old Welsh and the other Brittonic languages. Place name evidence suggests Cumbric speakers may have carried it into other parts of northern England as migrants from its core area further north.〔 It may also have been spoken as far south as Pendle and the Yorkshire Dales. Most linguists believe that it became extinct in the 12th century, after the incorporation of the semi-independent Kingdom of Strathclyde into the Kingdom of Scotland. ==Problems with terminology== Dauvit Broun sets out the problems with the various terms used to describe the Cumbric language and its speakers.〔Broun, Dauvit (2004): ‘The Welsh identity of the kingdom of Strathclyde, ca 900-ca 1200’, Innes Review 55, pp 111–80.〕 The people seem to have called themselves '' *Cumbri'' the same way that the Welsh call themselves ''Cymry'' (most likely from Brittonic '' *kom-brogī'' meaning "fellow countrymen"). It is likely that the Welsh and the Cumbric speaking people of what are now southern Scotland and northern England felt they were actually one ethnic group. Old Irish speakers called them "Britons", ''Bretnach'' or ''Bretain''.〔Dictionary of the Irish language, Royal Irish Academy, 1983. (Online )〕 The Norse called them ''Brettar''.〔 In Medieval Latin, the English term ''Wales'' and the term ''Cumbri'' were Latinised as ''Wallenses'' "of Wales" and respectively ''Cumbrenses'' "of Cumbria". The usual English usage was to call them Welsh.〔Forbes, A. P. (1874) Lives of St. Ninian and St. Kentigern: compiled in the twelfth century〕 In Scots, a Cumbric speaker seems to have been called ''Wallace'', from the Scots ''Wallis/Wellis'' "Welsh". :''In Cumbria itaque: regione quadam inter Angliam et Scotiam sita'' – "Cumbria: a region situated between England and Scotland".〔Innes, Cosmo Nelson, (ed). (1843), Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis; Munimenta Ecclesie Metropolitane Glasguensis a Sede Restaurata Seculo Incunte Xii Ad Reformatam Religionem, i, Edinburgh: The Bannatyne Club〕 The Latinate term Cambria is often used for Wales; nevertheless, the ''Life of St Kentigern'' by Jocelin of Furness has the following passage: :When King Rederech ''(Rhydderch Hael)'' and his people had heard that Kentigern had arrived from Wallia (Wales ) into Cambria (Cumbria ), from exile into his own country, with great joy and peace both king and people went out to meet him.〔(1989) ''Two Celtic Saints: the lives of Ninian and Kentigern'' Lampeter: Llanerch Enterprises, p. 91〕 John T. Koch defines the specifically Cumbric region as "the area approximately between the line of the river Mersey and the Forth-Clyde isthmus", but goes on to include evidence from the Wirral peninsula in his discussion and does not define its easterly extent.〔 Kenneth Jackson describes Cumbric as "the Brittonic dialect of Cumberland, Westmorland, northern Lancashire, and south-west Scotland..." and goes on to define the region further as being bound in the north by the Firth of Clyde, in the south by the river Ribble and in the east by the Southern Scottish Uplands and the Pennine ridge.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cumbric」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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