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The Yup'ik or Yupiaq (sg & pl) and Yupiit or Yupiat (pl), also Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Central Yup'ik, Alaskan Yup'ik (own name ''Yup'ik'' sg ''Yupiik'' dual ''Yupiit'' pl), are an Eskimo people of western and southwestern Alaska ranging from southern Norton Sound southwards along the coast of the Bering Sea on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (including living on Nelson and Nunivak Islands) and along the northern coast of Bristol Bay as far east as Nushagak Bay and the northern Alaska Peninsula at Naknek River and Egegik Bay. Also known as Cup'ik for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island. Both Chevak Cup'ik and Nunivak Cup'ig Eskimos are also known as ''Cup'ik''〔(Lesson II: History of the Cup’ik People ). Alaskool.org (''Today there are two Cup’ik tribes in Alaska—the people of Chevak, who refer to themselves as the Qissunamiut tribe, and the people of Mekoryuk on Nunivak Island, who refer to themselves as the Cup’ik people.'')〕 The ''Yup'ik'', ''Cup'ik'', and ''Cup'ig'' speakers can converse without difficulty, and the regional population is often described using the larger designation of ''Yup'ik''. They are one of the four Yupik peoples of Alaska and Siberia, closely related to the Sugpiaq ~ Alutiiq (Pacific Yupik) of southcentral Alaska, the Siberian Yupik of St. Lawrence Island and Russian Far East, and the Naukan of Russian Far East. The Yupiit speak the Yup'ik language. Of a total population of about 21,000 people, about 10,000 are speakers of the language.〔Alaska Native Language Center. (2001-12-07). ("Central Alaskan Yup'ik." ) University of Alaska Fairbanks. Retrieved on 2014-04-04.〕 Yup'ik Eskimos combine a contemporary and a traditional subsistence lifestyle in a blend unique to the Southwest Alaska. Today, Yup'iks work and live in western style but still hunt and fish in traditional subsistence ways and gather traditional foods. Most Yup'ik people still speak the native language and bilingual education has been in force since the 1970s. Yupiit are the most numerous of the various Alaska Native groups and speak the Central Alaskan Yup'ik language, a member of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the Yupiit population in the United States numbered over 24,000,〔U.S. Census Bureau. (2004-06-30). ("Table 1. American Indian and Alaska Native Alone and Alone or in Combination Population by Tribe for the United States: 2000." ) (American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States (PHC-T-18) ). U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, special tabulation. Retrieved on 2007-04-12.〕 of whom over 22,000 lived in Alaska, the vast majority in the seventy or so communities in the traditional Yup'ik territory of western and southwestern Alaska.〔U.S. Census Bureau. (2004-06-30). ("Table 16. American Indian and Alaska Native Alone and Alone or in Combination Population by Tribe for Alaska: 2000." ) (American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States (PHC-T-18) ). U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, special tabulation. Retrieved on 2007-04-12.〕 As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the largest Alaska Native tribal grouping, either alone or in combination, was Yup'ik (34,000), followed by Inupiat (33,000). Yup'ik also had the greatest number of people who identified with one tribal grouping and no other race (29,000).〔(2010 Census Shows Nearly Half of American Indians and Alaska Natives Report Multiple Races )〕 The neighbours of the Yup'ik Eskimos are the Iñupiaq Eskimos to north, Aleutized Alutiiq ~ Sugpiaq Eskimos to south, and Alaskan Athabaskans, such as Yup'ikized Holikachuk and Deg Hit’an, non-Yup'ikized Koyukon and Dena’ina to east.〔(The Map of Indigenous Peoples and Languages of Alaska )〕 ==Naming== Originally the form Yup'ik was used in the northern area (Norton Sound, Yukon, some Nelson Island) while the form Yupiaq was used in the southern area (Kuskokwim, Canineq (Kwigillingok, Kipnuk, Kongiganek, and Chefornak ), Bristol Bay), while certain places (Chevak, Nunivak, Egegik) had other forms (Cup’ik, Cup’ig, Tarupiaq), but the form ''Yup’ik'' is now used as a common term (though not replacing ''Cup’ik'' and ''Cup’ig'').〔Jacobson, Steven A. (2012). (Yup'ik Eskimo Dictionary, 2nd edition ). Alaska Native Language Center.〕 ''Yup'ik'' (plural ''Yupiit'') comes from the Yup'ik word ''yuk'' meaning "person" plus the postbase ''-pik'' or ''-piaq'' meaning "real" or "genuine"; thus, ''Yup'ik'' literally means "real people".〔Fienup-Riordan, 1993, p. 10.〕 The ethnographic literature sometimes refers to the Yup'ik people or their language as ''Yuk'' or ''Yuit''. In the Hooper Bay-Chevak and Nunivak dialects of Yup'ik, both the language and the people are given the name ''Cup'ik''.〔 The use of an apostrophe in the name "Yup'ik", compared to Siberian "Yupik", exemplifies the Central Yup'ik's orthography, where "the apostrophe represents gemination (lengthening ) of the 'p' sound".〔Steven A. Jacobson (1984). (''Central Yup'ik and the schools: a handbook for teachers'' ). Alaska Native Language Center. Developed by Alaska Department of Education Bilingual/Bicultural Education Programs. Juneau, Alaska, 1984.〕 The names given to them by their neighbors: *Alutiiq ~ Sugpiaq: ''Pamana'rmiu'aq'' (Northern Kodiak), ''Pamanirmiuq'' (Southern Kodiak) *Deg Xinag Athabaskan: ''Dodz xit'an'' (Downriver people ), ''Novogh xit'an'' (Coast people ) *Holikachuk Athabaskan: ''Namagh hit'an'' (Coast people ) *Koyukon Athabaskan: ''Nobaagha hut'aankkaa'' (Coast people ) *Dena'ina Athabaskan: ''Dutna'' *Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan: ''Dodina'' sg ''Dodinayu'' pl 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Central Alaskan Yup'ik people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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