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Cupstone
Variously known as cupstones, "anvil stones," "pitted cobbles" and "nutting stones," among other names, these roughly discoidal or amorphous groundstone artifacts are among the most common lithic remains of Native American culture, especially in the Midwest, in Early Archaic contexts. Cup and ring marks are common in Europe where they are associated with megalithic monuments. ==Etymology== One encyclopedia of archaeology treats "pitted stone," "cupstones," and "nutting stones" as synonyms and says that they "may have been formed by cracking nutshells, though this activity lacks adequate confirmation through ethnographic examples or published experimentation."〔George H. Odell, "Pitted Stones" in (''Archaeology of prehistoric native America: an encyclopedia'' ), ed. Guy E. Gibbon and Kenneth M. Ames. (Privately printed in the United States, 1998), 652.〕
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