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Cynareae
The Cynareae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae). Most of them are commonly known as thistles;〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work = Tree of Life webproject )〕 four of the best known genera are ''Carduus'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】 thistle )〕 ''Cynara'' (containing the widely eaten artichoke), ''Cirsium'',〔 and ''Onopordum''.〔
They are annual, biennial or perennial herbs. Many species are thorny on leaves, stems or involucre, and some have laticifers or resin conduits. Almost 80 genera with 2500 species are assigned to this tribe,〔Dittrich, 1977, ''The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae'' 2:1017-1038〕 native of tempered regions of Europe and Asia (specially of the Mediterranean region and Minor Asia), some of Australia and tropical Africa; only three〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work = Flora of North America )〕 genera have native species of America.〔Bremer 1994 ''Asteraceae'': Cladistic and Classification (''Carduae'': 112-156 )〕
== Taxonomy ==
Cardueae is a synonym for Cynareae,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 tribe Cynareae )〕 but the name Cynareae was published almost a decade earlier and so has precedence.
Some authors have divided the plants traditionally held to be in this tribe into three tribes: Cynareae in the narrow sense, Carlineae, and Echinopeae. However, other authors have retained the traditional broader classification.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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