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Cynipini : ウィキペディア英語版
Cynipini

Cynipini is a tribe of gall wasps. These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae.〔Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., et al. (2009). (Revision and phylogenetics of the genus ''Paraulax'' Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) with biological notes and description of a new tribe, a new genus, and five new species. ) ''Zootaxa'' 2200 1-40.〕 They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps.〔Melika, G., et al. (2013). (A new genus of oak gallwasp, ''Cyclocynips'' Melika, Tang & Sinclair (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with descriptions of two new species from Taiwan. ) ''Zootaxa'' 3630(3), 534-48.〕
It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936〔Medianero, E. and J. L. Nieves-Aldrey. (2013). (''Barucynips panamensis'', a new genus and species of oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) from Panama, and description of one new species of ''Coffeikokkos''. ) ''ZooKeys'' (277), 25-46.〕 to 1000〔 recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks.〔 The tribe is mainly native to the Holarctic.〔
Most of these wasps undergo cyclical parthenogenesis, sometimes reproducing sexually, and sometimes producing young without fertilization.〔
==Genera==

* ''Acraspis''
* ''Amphibolips''
* ''Andricus''
* ''Aphelonyx''
* ''Atrusca''
* ''Barucynips''〔
* ''Belonocnema''
* ''Biorhiza''
* ''Callirhytis''
* ''Cecinothofagus''〔Nieves-Aldrey, JOSÉ LUIS, M. Hernández Nieves, and Johan AA Nylander. "Revision and phylogenetics of the genus Paraulax Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) with biological notes and description of a new tribe, a new genus, and five new species." Zootaxa 2200 (2009): 1-40.〕
* ''Cerroneuroterus''
* ''Chilaspis''
* ''Coffeikokkos''〔Pujade-Villar, J., et al. (2012). (A new genus of oak gallwasp, ''Coffeikokkos'' Pujade-Villar & Melika, gen. n., with a description of a new species from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). ) ''Zookeys'' (168), 19–29.〕
* ''Cyclocynips''〔
* ''Cycloneuroterus''
* ''Cynips''
* ''Disholcaspis''
* ''Dryocosmus''
* ''Eumayria''
* ''Heteroecus''
* ''Kinseyella''
* ''Latuspina''
* ''Loxaulus''
* ''Neuroterus''
* ''Odontocynips''
* ''Paraulax''〔
* ''Philonix''
* ''Plagiotrochus''
* ''Pseudoneuroterus''
* ''Rhodus''
* ''Trichagalma''
* ''Trigonaspis''
* ''Zapatella''

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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