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The Cyprus dispute or Cyprus issue is an ongoing issue centred on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus and dating back to at least the end of the 19th century. Ever since, it has been present under different forms. In its current phase, it is primarily an issue of military invasion and continuing Turkish occupation (since 1974) of the northern third of the island, a situation described and deplored in multiple UN reports and resolutions.〔The ( first UN Security Council resolution on the Turkish invasion ) (no 353), issued the same day the invasion begun, July 20, 1974.〕〔United Nations (General Assembly resolution 3212 (1974) ) titled “Question of Cyprus”, later endorsed by the ( UN Security Council resolution 365 (1974) ).〕〔The ( Annual Report of the Security Council 1974-1975 ) (see: “The Situation in Cyprus”, p. 2-25), covering roughly the year following the Turkish invasion in summer 1974.〕 Although the Republic of Cyprus is the sole legitimate state, sovereign over all the island, the north is de facto under the administration of the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is under Turkish Cypriots and Turkish army control. Initially, with the annexation of the island by the British Empire from the Ottoman Empire, the "Cyprus dispute" was identified as the conflict between the people of Cyprus and the British Crown regarding the Cypriots' demand for self determination. The dispute, however, was finally shifted, under the British administration, from a colonial dispute to an ethnic dispute between the Turkish and the Greek islanders.〔Anthony Eden, "Memoirs, Full Circle, Cassell, London 1960〕 The international complications of the dispute stretch far beyond the boundaries of the island of Cyprus itself and involve the guarantor powers (Turkey, Greece, and the United Kingdom alike), the United Nations and the European Union, along with (unofficially) the United States . With the occasion of 1974 Cypriot coup d'état, Turkey invaded in Cyprus that same year,〔http://www.un.org/documents/sc/res/1974/scres74.htm〕 and occupied the northern part of the internationally recognized Republic of Cyprus. Later, upon the occupied territories, the Turkish Cypriot community unilaterally declared independence forming the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), a sovereign entity that lacks international recognition with the exception of Turkey,〔U.N. Security Council (resolution 541 (1983) ) that deplores the declaration of “independence” by the Turkish-Cypriot authorities as secessionist and declares it legally invalid.〕〔U.N. Security Council (resolution 550 (1984) ) condemning the “TRNC” recognition by Turkey.〕 with which TRNC enjoys full diplomatic relations. As a result of the two communities and the guarantor countries committing themselves to finding a peaceful solution to the dispute, the United Nations maintain a buffer zone (the "Green Line") to avoid any further intercommunal tensions and hostilities. This zone separates the free, southern areas of the Republic of Cyprus (predominately inhabited by Greek Cypriots), from the northern areas (where Turkish Cypriots along with Turkish settlers are now a majority). Recent years have seen warming of relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots, with officially renewed reunification talks beginning in early 2014.〔(Cyprus Mail 11 Feb 2014 ) Joint Declaration〕 ==Historical background prior to 1960== The island of Cyprus was first inhabited in 9000 BC with the arrival of farming societies who built round houses with floors of terazzo. Cities were first built during the Bronze Age and the inhabitants had their own Eteocypriot language until around the 4th century BC.〔(Linguist List – Description of Eteocypriot ). Retrieved 4 May 2011.〕 The island was part of the Hittite Empire as part of the Ugarit Kingdom〔Thomas, Carol G. & Conant, C.: ''The Trojan War'', pages 121–122. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005. ISBN 0-313-32526-X, 9780313325267.〕 during the late Bronze Age until the arrival of two waves of Greek settlement. Cyprus experienced an uninterrupted Greek presence on the island dating from the arrival of Mycenaeans around 1100 BC, when the burials began to take the form of long ''dromos''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Burial practices on Late Bronze Age Cyprus )〕 The Greek population of Cyprus survived through multiple conquerors, including Egyptian and Persian rule. In the 4th century BC, Cyprus was conquered by Alexander the Great and then ruled by the Ptolemaic Egypt until 58 BC, when it was incorporated into the Roman Empire. After an interval of Islam Khalifate (643–966), the island returned to Roman rule until the 12th century. After an occupation by the Knights Templar and the rule of Isaac Komnenos, the island in 1192 came under the rule of the Lusignan family, who established the Kingdom of Cyprus. In February 1489 it was seized by the Republic of Venice. Between September 1570 and August 1571 it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, starting three centuries of Turkish rule over Cyprus. Starting in the early nineteenth century, ethnic Greeks of the island sought to bring about an end to almost 300 years of Ottoman rule and unite Cyprus with Greece. The United Kingdom took administrative control of the island in 1878, to prevent Ottoman positions from falling under Russian control following the Cyprus Convention, which led to the call for union (''enosis'') to grow louder. Under the terms of the agreement reached between Britain and the Ottoman Empire, the island remained an Ottoman territory. The Christian Greek-speaking majority of the island welcomed the arrival of the British as a chance to voice their demands for union with Greece. When the Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers, Britain renounced the agreement and all Turkish claims over Cyprus and declared the island a British colony. In 1915, Britain offered Cyprus to Constantine I of Greece on condition that Greece join the war on the side of the British, which he declined. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cyprus dispute」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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