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|pop1=1,462,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2004 survey )〕 |region2= |pop2=94,805 |region3= |pop3=60,000 |region4= |pop4=45.000 |region5= |pop5=40,324 |region6= |pop6=40.000 |region7= |pop7=38.000 |region8= |pop8=30,367〔(Štatistický úrad SR )〕 |region9= |pop9=21,196〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Data & analysis )〕 |region10= |pop10=20,000 |region11= |pop11=11,000 |region12= |pop12=9,641 (2011) |region13= |pop13=8,600 |region14= |pop14=8,000 |region15= |pop15=7,175 (2001) |region16= |pop16=5,451〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=CSO Emigration )〕 |region17= |pop17=5,622 (2006) |region18= |pop18=5,000–6,000 |region19= |pop19=5,000 |region20= |pop20=3,500 |region21= |pop21=3,339 (2002) |region22= |pop22=3,000 |region23= |pop23=2,300 |region24= |pop24=2,000 |region25= |pop25=1,824 (2011)〔(Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији: Становништво према националној припадности - "Oстали" етничке заједнице са мање од 2000 припадника и двојако изјашњени )〕 |region26= |pop26=1,200 |region27= |pop27=1,000 |region28= |pop28=600–1,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=webzdarma - Soubor nenalezen / File not found )〕 |region29= |pop29=436 |langs = Czech |rels = Mainly non-religious (Atheism, Agnosticism, Deism) or Christian: Roman Catholicism〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population by religious belief and by municipality size groups )〕 |related = Other Austrians, Germans, West Slavs, Celts }} Czechs or Czech people ((チェコ語:Češi), (:ˈtʃɛʃɪ)) are a nation and ethnic group native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe. They share a common culture, history and speak the Czech language. Ethnic Czechs were called Bohemians in English until the early 20th century, referring to the late Iron Age tribe of Celtic Boii and their land Bohemia. During the Migration Period Germanic tribes moved westwards and around the 6th century, West Slavs settled in the area and formed an independent principality in the 9th century. Czech people and their descendants live in United States, Canada, Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, Slovakia, Australia, Argentina, Austria and Switzerland among others. ==History== The Czech people are primarily descended from Western Slavs〔Bohemia and Poland. Chapter 20.pp 512-513. () Timothy Reuter. The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900 – c. 1024. 2000〕 who settled in Bohemia, Moravia and Austria sometime during the 6th or 7th centuries.〔The exact dating of Slavic settlement is a matter of dispute amongst scholars. See Eg Curta ("The Slavs in Bohemia: A Response to my critics; 2009") who favours a 7th-century settlement versus Nada Profantova, who argues a 6th-century settlement〕 They might have encountered a residual Germanic (generically ''Suebic'') population, but the only evidence for continued "Germanic" settlement into the 6th century comes from northern and central Bohemia.〔Jaroslav Jirik "Bohemian Barbarians. Bohemia in late Antiquity", in ''Neglected Barbarians'' Brepols 2010〕 According to a popular myth, the Slavic settlers come from Forefather Čech who settled at Říp Mountain. The Duchy of Bohemia emerged in the late 9th century. In 880, Prague Castle was constructed by Prince Bořivoj, founder of the Přemyslid dynasty and the city of Prague was established. Vratislav II was the first Czech king in 1085 and the Duchy was raised to a hereditary kingdom under Ottokar I in 1198. The second half of the 13th century was a period of advancing German immigration into Czech lands. The number of Czechs who have at least partly German ancestry today probably runs into hundreds of thousands.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ethnic German Minorities in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia )〕 The Habsburg Monarchy focused much of its power on religious wars against the Protestants. While these religious wars were taking place, the Czech estates revolted against Habsburg from 1546 to 1547 but were ultimately defeated.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Habsburg Monarchy and Rudolph II )〕 Defenestrations of Prague in 1618, signaled an open revolt by the Bohemian estates against the Habsburgs and started the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, all Czech lands were declared hereditary property of the Habsburg family. The German language was made equal to the Czech language. Czech patriotic authors tend to call the following period, from 1620 to 1648 until the late 18th century, the "Dark Age". It is characterized by devastation by foreign troops; Germanization; and economic and political decline. It is estimated that the population of the Czech lands declined by a third. The 18th and 19th century is characterized by the Czech National Revival, focusing to revive Czech culture and national identity. Since the turn of the 20th century, Chicago is the city with the third largest Czech population, after Prague and Vienna.〔(Czechs and Bohemians )〕〔(Czech and Slovak roots in Vienna ), wieninternational.at〕 During World War I, Czechoslovak Legions fought in France, Italy and Russia against the Central Powers and in 1918 was proclaimed independent Czechoslovakia. Czechs formed the leading class in the new state from the remnants of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy. After 1933, Czechoslovakia remained the only democracy in central and eastern Europe. In 1938 the Munich Agreement severed the Sudetenland, with a considerable Czech minority, from Czechoslovakia, and in 1939 the German Nazi regime established the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia for ''Resttschechei'' (i.e., the remainder of the Czech lands). Emil Hácha became president of the protectorate under Nazi domination, which only allowed pro-Nazi Czech associations and tended to stress ties of the Czechs with the Bohemian Germans and other parts of the German people, in order to facilitate assimilation by Germanization. In Lidice, Ležáky and Javoříčko the Nazi authorities committed war crimes against the local Czech population. On May 2, 1945, the Prague Uprising reached its peak, supported by the Russian Liberation Army. The post-war expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia and the immediate reprisals against Germans and Nazi collaborators by Czech resistance and the Czechoslovak state authorities, made Czechs – especially in the early 1950s – settle alongside Slovaks and Romani people in the former lands of the Sudeten Germans, who had been deported to East Germany, West Germany and Austria according to the Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference. The Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 was followed by a wave of emigration, unseen before and stopped shortly after (estimate: 70,000 immediately, 300,000 in total),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="Day when tanks destroyed Czech dreams of Prague Spring" (''Den, kdy tanky zlikvidovaly české sny Pražského jara'') at Britské Listy (British Letters) )〕 typically of highly qualified people. Tens of thousands of Czechs had repatriated from Volhynia and Banat after World War II. Since the 1990s, the Czech Republic has been working to repatriate Romania and Kazakhstan's ethnic Czechs.〔(The Czech ethnic minority in Romania ), 29-12-2004 - Radio Prague〕〔(Government completes 13-year program to integrate Kazakh Czechs ), The Prague Post, 31 October 2007〕 Following the Czech Republic's entry into the European Union in May 2004, Czechs gradually gained the right to work in EU countries without a work permit. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Czechs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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