|
The ''Czytelnik'' Publishing House ((ポーランド語:Wydawnictwo "Czytelnik")) is a publishing company in Poland.〔("Czytelnik" website. )〕 It was established in 1944 behind the Soviet front line as the ''Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza "Czytelnik"'' ("Czytelnik" Publishing Cooperative). As of now, it is the oldest post-World-War II publisher in Poland.〔(History of Czytelnik )〕 The word ''czytelnik'' means "a reader" in Polish. Intended to be located in Warsaw after the Nazi German withdrawal, it was temporarily headquartered in Lublin and Łódź. In July 1945 the headquarters were moved to Warsaw.〔 Initially, the ''Czytelnik'' published newspapers, periodicals, as well as books. Since 1951 publishing of newspapers and periodicals was transferred to the Workers' Publishing Cooperative "Prasa" ("Press"), which was reorganized and greatly expanded in 1973 as the Prasa-Książka-Ruch ("Press-Book-Movement") monopoly financing the PZPR until the end of Soviet domination. In 1945–48 the publishing house was under heavy influence of a committed Stalinist Jerzy Borejsza. It was a publishing monopoly in Communist Poland, described by Czesław Miłosz as Borejsza's "personal state-within-a-state for books and press".〔("Najważniejsza Borejsza" ), ''Gazeta Wyborcza'', October 30, 2010 (retrieved June 3, 2013)〕 Borejsza was removed from his role during the ousting of Władysław Gomułka in 1948, part of the Soviet-led campaign against the so-called "right-wing and nationalist deviation" in Polish Workers' Party. 〔Marci Shore, (''Caviar and Ashes: A Warsaw Generation's Life and Death in Marxism, 1918-1968'' p. 298 )〕 ==Presidents== *1944: Jerzy Borejsza *1948: Jerzy Pański *1952: Jan Stefczyk *1955: Ludwik Kasiński *1975: Stanisław Bębenek *1989: Wacław Sadkowski *1990: Jerzy S. Sito *1991: Stefan Bratkowski *1992: Marek Bogucki *1994: Włodzimierz Michalak *1995: Marek Żakowski 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Czytelnik」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|