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DELAG, acronym for ''Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft'' (German for "German Airship Travel Corporation"), was the world's first airline to use an aircraft in revenue service.〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=airships.net )〕 It was founded on 16 November 1909 and operated Zeppelin rigid airships manufactured by the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin Corporation. Its headquarters were located in Frankfurt, Germany. == Beginnings == DELAG was founded at the suggestion of Alfred Colsman, the business manager of Zeppelin Luftschiffbau. The company was having difficulty in obtaining orders from the German army, so Colsman suggested exploiting the German public's enthusiastic interest by establishing a commercial passenger-carrying company. Count Zeppelin himself distanced himself from this commercialisation of his idea: as an aristocrat and ex-officer, he saw it as a vulgar tradesman's enterprise.〔Robinson 1973, p. 52〕 Colsman, who became the airline's first general director, managed to secure the cooperation of Albert Ballin, the head of the Hamburg America Line who offered 100,000 Marks a year to promote the enterprise on the condition that his offices had exclusive rights to sell tickets, and Colsman had little difficulty in raising the necessary three million marks capital.〔 Much of the initial capital came from the cities of Frankfurt am Main and Düsseldorf, and a number of cities built airship sheds at their own expense. The first Zeppelin to be constructed for the company was LZ 7, which was named ''Deutschland''. First flown on 19 June 1910, it had a useful lift of and had accommodation for 24 passengers. Cruising speed was . Given this performance it was realised that scheduled inter-city services would not be feasible, and that the company would be limited to offering pleasure cruises in the vicinity of their bases.〔Robinson 1973, p. 55〕 However, the ''Deutschland'' was destroyed on 28 June 1910 while taking a consignment of journalists on a trip intended to generate publicity. The airship was first prevented from returning to its base in Düsseldorf and then, caught by a thunderstorm, was first carried up to a height of and then, heavy from loss of hydrogen caused by the rapid ascent and from rainwater on the envelope, forced down into the Teutoburger forest. Fortunately there was only one injury.〔Robinson 1973, p.56〕 This left DELAG with only a single airship, LZ 6, which had been built the previous year with the hope of its being bought by the army and subsequently enlarged and modified for passenger-carrying purpose. Operating from Baden-Baden, successful flights were made almost daily between late August and mid-September, but on 14 September it was destroyed in a fire while in its hangar. Fortunately it was insured, and DELAG could complete its next ship, LZ 8 ''Deutschland II''.〔Robinson 1973, p.57〕 For the new season flights lasting between 90 minutes and two hours were offered for a price of 200 Dm. ''Deutschland II'' was completed on 30 March 1910, and arrived at Düsseldorf on 11 April, but after little more than a month of service was caught by a gust while being walked out of its hangar on 16 May: it was driven onto a 15 m (50 ft) high windbreak and broke its back. The passengers had to be rescued using fire ladders. Hugo Eckener, the captain, blamed the accident on his "weak-kneed" decision to let the eagerness of the passengers to fly overcome his reluctance to take the ship out in the existing conditions.〔Robinson 1973, p. 58〕 The company's luck changed with the next ship, the LZ 10 ''Schwaben''. Completed on 26 June and delivered to DELAG on 15 July, it carried 1553 paying passengers during its career. Initially based at Baden Baden, in addition to the pleasure cruises a number of long-distance flights were made, carrying passengers to Frankfurt, Düsseldorf and eventually to Berlin.〔Robinson 1973, p. 59.〕 LZ 11 ''Viktora Luise'', named after the Kaiser's daughter, entered service on 4 March 1912. On 28 June 1912 ''Schwaben'' was destroyed in a hangar fire attributed to static electricity produced by its rubberised cotton gasbags, but was soon replaced by LZ 13 ''Hansa'', which was completed on 30 July. These airships were also used by the Imperial German Navy for crew training, with the Navy crews operating passenger flights.〔Robinson 1973, p. 61〕 In 1913 LZ 17 ''Sachsen'' was added to the fleet. By July 1914, one month before the start of World War I, DELAG's Zeppelins had transported 34,028 passengers on 1,588 commercial flights; the fleet had flown 172,535 kilometres in 3,176 hours.〔"Zeppelin-Wegbereiter des Weltluftverkehrs", 1966〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「DELAG」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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