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Dactylopius
''Dactylopius'' is a genus of insects in the superfamily Coccoidea, the scale insects. It is the only genus in the family Dactylopiidae.〔Van Dam, A. R. and B. May. (2012). (A new species of ''Dactylopius'' Costa (''Dactylopius gracilipilus'' sp. nov.) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae) from the Chihuahuan Desert, Texas, U.S.A. ) ''Zootaxa'' 3573: 33–39.〕 These insects are known commonly as cochineals,〔Ramírez-Puebla, S. T., et al. (2010). (Molecular phylogeny of the genus ''Dactylopius'' (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) and identification of the symbiotic bacteria. ) ''Environmental Entomology'' 39(4), 1178-83.〕〔Chávez-Moreno, C. K., et al. (2011). (Distribution and habitat in Mexico of ''Dactylopius'' Costa (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) and their cacti hosts (Cactaceae: Opuntioideae). ) ''Neotropical Entomology'' 40(1), 62-71.〕 a name that also specifically refers to the best-known species, the cochineal (''Dactylopius coccus''). The cochineal is an insect of economic and historical importance as a main source of the red dye carmine. It has reportedly been used for this purpose in the Americas since the 10th century.〔 Genus ''Dactylopius'' is also important because several species have been used as agents of biological pest control, and because several are known as invasive species.〔
==Description==
In general, cochineals are waxy gray insects, but the adult females turn bright red when crushed,〔(Family:Dactylopiidae. ) Scale Insects. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS.〕 due to their carminic acid content.〔 Most species are covered in thin, sticky strands of wax; ''D. coccus'' lacks these.〔 As in other scales, the tiny males have wings, and the larger females do not.〔
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