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The Dahae ((ラテン語:Dahae); ''Dáoi'', ''Dáai'', ''Dai'', ''Dasai''; Sanskrit: ''Dasa''),〔Francisco Rodríguez Adrados (1994). ''basileutos – daimōn'', Vol 4, p. 859: ("Δαι" )〕 Daae, Dahas or Dahaeans were a people in ancient Central Asia, a confederation of three tribes: the Parni, Xanthii and Pissuri. They lived in a region on the south-eastern shores of the Caspian Sea (in modern Turkmenistan). The area has consequently been known as Dahestan, Dahistan and Dihistan. Relatively little is known about their way of life. For example, according to A. D. H. Bivar, the capital of "the ancient Dahae (if indeed they possessed one) is quite unknown."〔.〕 According to most sources, the Dahae polity dissolved before the beginning of the 1st millennium, when some its constituents emigrated to Persia, South Asia and/or other parts of Central Asia. However, Sir Percy Sykes reported an oral tradition suggesting that elements of the Dahae had been absorbed into Turkmen society. "I was informed that the Daz tribe of the Yamut (Yomut ) cherish a legend, according to which they are descended from kings, and among the Yamut Turkoman they are regarded as the noblest section. () It is at least possible that these names are derived from the Dahae, but it would be a mistake to press the point too far."〔Percy Sykes, ''History of Persia'', 1915, p. 307.〕 == Origins == The Dahae are generally regarded as an Indo-European people, although not necessarily Indo-Iranian (i. e. Aryan) in origin.〔(François de Blois & Willem Vogelsang, 2011, "Dahae", ''Encyclopedia Iranica'' ) (23 May 2015).〕 By the time of the first historical records, the Dahae spoke an Eastern Iranian language. They may be connected to the Dasa mentioned in ancient Sanskrit texts like the ''Rigveda'' as enemies of the ''Ārya''. The proper noun Dasa appears to share the same root as the Sanskrit ''dasyu'', meaning "hostile people" or "demons", as well as the Avestan ''dax́iiu'' and Old Persian ''dahyu'' or ''dahạyu'', meaning "province" or "mass of people". Because of these pejorative references, the ''Dāhī'' tribe mentioned in Avestan sources (''Yašt'' 13.144) as adhering to Zoroastrianism, are not generally identified with the Dahae.〔 Conversely the Khotanese word ''daha-'' meaning "man" or "male" was linked to the Dahae by the Indologist Sten Konow (1912). This appears to be cognate with nouns in other Eastern Iranian languages, such as New Persian ''dāh'' "maid-servant" (= ''kanīzak'' کنیزک) and Sogdian ''dʾyh'' or ''dʾy'', meaning "slave woman".〔 Some scholars also maintain that there were etymological links between the Dahae and Dacians (Dacii), a people of ancient Eastern Europe.〔David Gordon White, 1991, ''Myths of the Dog-Man'', Chicago, University of Chicago Press, pp. 27, 239.〕 Both were nomadic Indo-European peoples who shared variant names such as ''Daoi''. The historian David Gordon White has, moreover, stated that the "Dacians ... appear to be related to the Dahae".〔 (Likewise the Massagetae, the northern neighbors of the Dahae, have often been linked to the Getae, a people related to the Dacians.) White also reiterated a point made by previous scholars – that the names of both peoples resemble the Proto-Indo-European root: '' *dhau'' meaning "strangle" and/or a euphemism for "wolf". The country neighbouring the Dahae to the south, ''Verkāna'' – often known by its Greek name, ''Hyrcania'' (Ὑρκανία) – has sometimes been conflated with Dahistan. OPers. ''Verkâna'' (New Persian ''Gorgān;'' for ''v'' > ''g,'' cf. Av. ''varāza,'' NPers. ''gorāz'') also appears to have a root in an Indo-European word for "wolf", the Proto-Iranian: '' *vrka''.〔The Old Iranian/Old Persian ''verka'' "wolf" was recorded in Darius the Great's Behistun Inscription of 522 BCE), as well as other Old Persian cuneiform inscriptions. There is evidence for an etymological link between ''Verkāna'' and an Indo-European root meaning "wolf", in related languages including: Avestan ''vəhrka'', Gilaki and Mazandarani ''Verk'', Modern Persian ''gorg'', and Sanskrit ''Vŗka'' (''वृक'') and Old Norse ''Warg''.〕 The name of Sadrakarta (later Zadracarta), the capital of ''Verkâna'', apparently has the same etymological roots, and may be synonymous with one of two modern cities in Iran: Gorgan (a name also derived ultimately from the Proto-Iranian '' *vrka'') or Sari. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dahae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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