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Dahman or Dahman Afrin is the Avestan language name of a Zoroastrian concept, later considered to be the embodiment of prayer, and ultimately (also) as a divinity, one of the ''yazata''s. ''Dahman Afrin'' in its true sense literally translates to 'devout blessing(s)', and the divinity ''Dahman'' is the active principle and hypostasis of the Gathic Avestan ''Dahma Afriti'' invocation (''Yasna'' 60.2-7). ''Yasna'' 61 also refers to the prayer as ''Dahma Vangui Afriti'' and considers it to be the fourth most potent incantation. The prayer is invoked as a blessing upon the house of the ''ashavan'', which may be translated as 'just' or 'true' man. In Zoroastrian tradition, the divinity ''Dahman'' appears as Middle Persian ''Dahm''. ==In scripture== As used in ''Yasna'' 60 and 61, the term ''dahma'' appears to mean 'pious' or 'good', but that it may have originally been used to refer to one who had been initiated into the Zoroastrian religion. ''Zend'' translations of ''Yasna'' 61 and middle Persian glossaries appear to have considered the term unfamiliar enough that it needed explanation. In these, ''dahm'' is considered the essence of the just man, and the name of the prayer is translated as 'blessings of the good/pious'. However, according to Boyce (1982), the authors of the ''Zend'' were mistaken. According to her, ''dahm'' was not a (masculine plural) noun, but an (accusative singular feminine) adjective "used exclusively of ''Afriti'' among the divine beings." The mistranslation became the standard name of the prayer, and ultimately embodied as that of a ''yazata''. The potency of the ''Dahma Afriti'' invocation is also mentioned in the Vendidad as Ahura Mazda's reward for a cure for disease (''Vendidad'' 22.5). It is also the payment a priest may give for medicinal services rendered unto him (''Vendidad'' 7.41, 9.37), which – a ''Zend'' commentary explains - is more valuable than any other form of payment. As the essence of the just man, ''dahman'' was eventually personified as the divinity ''Dahman Afrin'', or just ''Dahman''. As a divinity, ''Dahman'' only appears thrice in the surviving texts of the Avesta (once in ''Siroza'' 33, and once each in fragments P31 and P32) and once in a ''Zend'' translation of the lost ''Sudgar Nask''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dahman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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