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Damasithymos ((ギリシア語:Δαμασίθυμος); fl. early 5th century BC) was the king of Calyndos ((ギリシア語: Κάλυνδος)), a city in ancient Caria.〔(Herodotus Book 8: Urania ,87 )"...the king of the Calyndians Damasithymos was embarked."〕 His father was Candaules ((ギリシア語:Κανδαύλης)).〔(Herodotus Book 7: Polymnia, 98 ) "...and Damasithymos son of Candaules."〕 Herodotus, in the seventh and eighth books of his 'Histories' entitled Polymnia (Book VII) and Urania (Book VIII), and Polyaenus, in the eighth book of his work 'Stratagems', mention him. Damasithymos was an ally of Xerxes I at the Second Persian invasion of Greece. He fought at the naval Battle of Artemisium and the naval Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. He participated as commander of the only Calyndian ship in the Persian navy . He was killed during the Battle of Salamis. His ship, together with ships from Halicarnassus, Cos and Nisyros, were under the command of Artemisia.〔(Artemisia in Herodotus ) " She led the forces of Halicarnassos, Cos, Nisyros and Calyndos, and supplied five ships."〕 Artemisia's fleet, including Damasithymos' ship, had among the best regarded in the whole Persian fleet, next to the ships from Sidon.〔(Artemisia in Herodotus ) "The ships she brought had the best reputation in the whole fleet, next to the ones from Sidon,..."〕 Herodotus mentions that Damasithymos was one of the most noted of the men commanding the Persian ships.〔(Herodotus Book 7: Polymnia,98 )"Of those who sailed in the ships the men of most note after the commanders were these,...,and Damasithymos son of Candaules."〕 He was killed at the Battle of Salamis when Artemisia rammed his ship, although they were allies, because it is said that she wanted to escape from an Athenian ship under the command of Ameinias who was pursuing her.〔(Herodotus Book 8: Urania ,87 )"When the affairs of the king had come to great confusion, at this crisis a ship of Artemisia was being pursued by an Athenian ship; and as she was not able to escape, for in front of her were other ships of her own side, while her ship, as it chanced, was furthest advanced towards the enemy, she resolved what she would do, and it proved also much to her advantage to have done so. While she was being pursued by the Athenian ship she charged at full speed against a ship of her own side manned by the Calyndians and in which the king of the Calyndians, Damasithymos, was embarked."〕〔(Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53 ) "Artemisia, in the naval battle at Salamis, found that the Persians were defeated, and she herself was near to falling into the hands of the Greeks. She ordered the Persian colours to be taken down, and the master of the ship to bear down upon, and attack a Persian vessel, that was passing by her. The Greeks, seeing this, supposed her to be one of their allies; they drew off and left her alone, directing their forces against other parts of the Persian fleet. Artemisia in the meantime sheered off, and escaped safely to Caria."〕〔(Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.2 ) "...sank a ship of the Calyndian allies, which was commanded by Damasithymus."〕 Damasithymos' ship sank and he and all his crew were lost〔(Herodotus Book 8: Urania,88 ) "...not one of the crew of the Calyndian ship survived to become her accuser."〕 When Xerxes saw Artemisia sink Damasithymos' ship, he thought that she had sunk a Greek ship〔(Herodotus Book 8: Urania,88 ) "...secondly it happened that though she had done mischief, she yet gained great reputation by this thing with Xerxes. For it is said that the king looking on at the fight perceived that her ship had charged the other; and one of those present said: "Master, dost thou see Artemisia, how well she is fighting, and how she sank even now a ship of the enemy?" He asked whether this was in truth the deed of Artemisia, and they said that it was; for (they declared) they knew very well the sign of her ship: and that which was destroyed they thought surely was one of the enemy"〕 and, according to Herodotus, he said: "My men have become women, and my women men."〔(Herodotus Book 8: Urania,88 ) "And Xerxes in answer to that which was said to him is reported to have uttered these words: "My men have become women, and my women men." Thus it is said that Xerxes spoke."〕 But, according to Polyaenus, he said: "O Zeus, surely you have formed women out of man's materials, and men out of woman's."〔(Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.5 )"And even in the heat of the action, observing the manner in which she distinguished herself, he exclaimed: "O Zeus, surely you have formed women out of man's materials, and men out of woman's.""〕 According to Herodotus, Artemisia had previously had a disagreement with Damasithymos while they were in the Hellespont. "Now, even though it be true that she had had some strife with him before, while they were still about the Hellespont, yet I am not able to say whether she did this by intention, or whether the Calyndian ship happened by chance to fall in her way."〔(Herodotus Book 8: Urania, 87 )〕 == See also == * Second Persian invasion of Greece * Battle of Artemisium * Battle of Salamis * Artemisia I of Caria 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Damasithymos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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