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Danebury is an Iron Age hill fort in Hampshire in England, about north-west of Winchester ().〔 Retrieved on 23 July 2008.〕 The site, covering , was excavated by Barry Cunliffe in the 1970s. Danebury is considered a type-site for hill forts,〔Wacher (2000), p. 126.〕 and was important in developing the understanding of hill forts, as very few others have been so intensively excavated. Built in the 6th century BC, the fort was in use for almost 500 years, during a period when the number of hill forts in Wessex greatly increased. Danebury was remodelled several times, making it more complex and resulting in it becoming a "developed" hill fort. It is now protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument, a Site of Special Scientific Interest.〔 Retrieved on 14 December 2008.〕 and a Local Nature Reserve. ==Investigation== Until the 19th century very little was known about hill forts, as none had been excavated and their original purpose had been long forgotten. In the medieval period, their construction was attributed variously to iconic figures such as King Arthur, King Alfred, the Danes, Julius Caesar, and even giants. By the 18th century, it was widely thought that hill forts were Roman in origin.〔Cunliffe (1983), p. 11.〕 Interest in hill forts was roused by the investigation of a hill fort at Worlebury Hill in the early-19th century.〔Cunliffe (1983), p. 12.〕 The first excavation at Danebury was carried out in November 1859, under antiquarian Augustus Wollaston Franks. His workers cleared out an Iron Age pit that was deep and in diameter, although they were not able to ascertain its purpose.〔 The first widespread investigation of hill forts was carried out in the second half of the 19th century under Augustus Pitt-Rivers. Pitt-Rivers' work on the hill forts of Sussex led him to the conclusion that most hill forts were built in the Iron Age, and it paved the way for future work on hill forts.〔Cunliffe (1983), pp. 12–13.〕 In the 1920s and 1930s, there was "hill fort mania" in British archaeology; by 1940, about 80 had been archaeologically excavated.〔Cunliffe (1983), p. 13.〕 In the late 1960s, Barry Cunliffe decided to examine a single hill fort and its surrounding territory in an attempt to shed light on Iron Age society, its politics, and population.〔Cunliffe (1983), p. 21.〕 With the permission of the site's owner, Hampshire County Council, archaeological excavations began in 1969 and continued until 1988. Over the twenty seasons archaeologists spent examining the site, they looked at the defences and the gateway, and excavated 57% of the interior, where the remains of wattle and timber houses were discovered. It was the lengthiest investigation of any hill fort in western Europe.〔Cunliffe (1983), pp. 21, 26–27, 34〕〔Payne, Corney, & Cunliffe (2007), pp. 9, 58.〕 A further non-invasive survey was carried out in 1997, as part of the Wessex Hillforts Project, using a magnetometer.〔Payne, Corney, & Cunliffe (2007), pp. 59-62.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Danebury」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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