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Danzón is the official musical genre and dance of Cuba.〔Urfé, Odilio 1965. ''El danzón''. La Habana.〕 It is also an active musical form in Mexico, and is still much loved in Puerto Rico. Written in 2/4 time, the danzón is a slow, formal partner dance, requiring set footwork around syncopated beats, and incorporating elegant pauses while the couples stand listening to virtuoso instrumental passages, as characteristically played by a charanga or tipica ensemble.〔 The danzón evolved from the Cuban contradanza, or habanera (literally, 'Havana-dance'). The contradanza, which had English and French roots in the country dance and contredanse, was probably introduced in Cuba by the Spanish, who ruled the island for almost four centuries (1511–1898), contributing many thousands of immigrants. It may also have been partially seeded during the short-lived British occupation of Havana in 1762, and Haitian refugees fleeing the island's revolution of 1791–1804 brought the French-Haitian kontradans, contributing their own Creole syncopation.〔Manuel, Peter, editor, 2009. "Creolizing Contradance in the Caribbean." Philadelphia: Temple University Press; see also Carpentier, Alejo. 2001. ''Music in Cuba''. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press. p146〕〔 In Cuba, the dances of European origin acquired new stylistic features derived from African rhythm and dance to produce a genuine fusion of European and African influences.〔Chasteen, John Charles 2004. ''National rhythms, African roots: the deep history of Latin American popular dance''. Albuquerque, N.M. Chapter 5.〕 African musical traits in the danzón include complex instrumental cross-rhythms, expressed in staggered cinquillo and tresillo patterns.〔 By 1879, the year Miguel Failde's ''Las alturas de Simpson'' was first performed (in Matanzas), danzón had emerged as a distinct genre. Danzón went on to interact with 20th-century Cuban genres such as son, and through the danzón-mambo it was instrumental in the development of mambo and cha-cha-chá. == History == The danzón developed from the habanera, a creolized Cuban dance form. By 1879, the year ''Las alturas de Simpson'' composed by Miguel Failde (leader of the Orquesta Faílde) was first performed in Matanzas,〔 danzón had emerged as a distinct genre.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of Cuban Music )〕 Creation of the new danzón form is generally attributed to Faílde.〔Failde, Osvalde Castillo 1964. ''Miguel Faílde: créador musical del Danzón''. Consejo Nacional de Cultura, La Habana. In 1998, the province Matanzas held a festival to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Danzón.〕 The classical composer Manuel Saumell has also been cited as a key figure in its delineation.〔Carpentier, Alejo 2001 (). ''Music in Cuba''. Minneapolis MN. p191〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Danzón」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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