|
Darbazi ((グルジア語:დარბაზი); from (ペルシア語:''darvāze''), "gate") is a term used in Georgia to describe a chamber with a distinctive "swallow dome"-type roof structure found in the traditional domestic architecture of Asia Minor and the South Caucasus. The central feature is a pyramidal vault (''gvirgvini''), supported on pillars and constructed of a stepped series of hewn logs and beams, with a central opening at the top which serves as a window and smoke flue. The Roman authority Vitruvius (1st century BC) includes in his ''De architectura'' a description of a Colchian dwelling, the ancient prototype of a ''darbazi''.〔Lang, David Marshall (1966), ''The Georgians'', pp. 119-123. Praeger Publishers.〕 Such lantern roofs are called ''harazashen'' or ''glkhatun'' in Armenia, ''kirlangiç kubbe'' or ''kirlangiç ortu'' in Turkey, and ''karadam'' in Azerbaijan.〔Khatchadourian, Lori (2008), ''Social Logics Under Empire: The Armenian 'highland Satrapy' and Achaemenid Rule, ca. 600--300 BC'', p. 197. ProQuest, ISBN 0549985735.〕〔Karpuz, Hasim (1993), ''Erzurum Evleri'', p66.〕 The ''darbazi'' house, with local variations, continued to be constructed into the 20th century in Georgia. It occurs extensively in the provinces of Kartli, Kakheti, and Samtskhe-Javakheti. These houses are often supported at its underground base by finely carved beams and pillars. Of particular care is the solid wooden upright known as the ''deda-bodzi'' ("mother-pillar") that takes the weight of the corbelled roofing.〔 The ''darbazi'' form might have influenced the early Christian architecture of Georgia, for the ancient rotund and octagonal Christian structures—widespread in Italy, Syria, and elsewhere—never attained popularity in Georgia.〔Chubinashvili, Giorgi N., "On the initial forms of Christian churches", p. 195, in Mgaloblishvili, Tamila (ed., 1998), ''Ancient Christianity in the Caucasus''. Routledge, ISBN 0-7007-0633-X.〕 == Illustrations == *(Darbazi in eastern Georgia (cross-section) ). ''The Great Soviet Encyclopedia''. Retrieved on 2011-05-30. *(Gvirgvini ). ''The Great Soviet Encyclopedia''. Retrieved on 2011-05-30. *(Deda-Bodzi ). ''The Great Soviet Encyclopedia''. Retrieved on 2011-05-30. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Darbazi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|