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The Persian daric was a gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the siglos, represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.〔Michael Alram, ("DARIC" ), ''Encyclopaedia Iranica'', December 15, 1994, last updated November 17, 2011〕 Cyrus the Great (550–530 BC) introduced coins to the Persian Empire after 546 BC. Darius I (521–486 BC) introduced a thick gold coin which had a standard weight of 8.4 grams, equaling in value 20 silver coins. The gold used in the coins was of very high quality with a purity of 95.83% and it bore the image of the Persian king or a great warrior armed with a bow and arrow. Their use ended with Alexander the Great's invasion in 330 BC, after which they were mostly melted down and recoined as coins of Alexander. This is believed to be the main reason for their rarity, in spite of their widespread usage at the time.〔 Close to the end of the 5th century BC, the Persian satraps in Asia Minor decided to strike their own coins. Darius considered such encroachment a crime punishable by death since the right of coinage was treated as an exclusively royal prerogative. The numismatic evidence does not permit identification of the image on the darics and sigloi as anything but that of the king; it was adopted by Darius as a dynamic expression of his royal power expressly for his coin issues. The coin is mentioned twice in the Hebrew Bible, where it is called the "adarkonim", as the Israelites came into contact with it when their Babylonian conquerors were conquered by Persia. The first Book of Chronicles describes King David as asking an assembly of people to donate for the construction of the Temple. The people gave generously "for the service of the house of God five thousand talents and ten thousand ''darics of gold'', ten thousand talents of silver, eighteen thousand talents of bronze, and one hundred thousand talents of iron."〔 (New Revised Standard Version), emphasis added.〕 Since David's reign is believed to be between c. 1048 and c. 1007 BC according to Old Testament chronology, the use of the ''daric'' is either an anachronism or a conversion by the writer into contemporary units. The other instance is Ezra 8:27; also a derivative Greek term "darkemonium" is recorded in Ezra 2:69 and three times in Nehemiah 7:70-72. Among the Greeks, in popular speech they were nicknamed ''toxótai'' ("archers") after the image of the figure with a bow that appeared on them.〔 For instance, the Spartan king Agesilaus II remarked that he had been driven out of Asia by "ten thousand archers", referring to the bribes distributed by the Persian King.〔Plutarch ''(Life of Agesilaus )'' 16.6〕 The ancient Greeks believed that the term ''dareikós'' () was derived from the name of Darius the Great, who was believed to have introduced these coins.〔 Some scholars agree with this and constructed the Old Persian word as *''dārayaka''-,〔Shapur Shahbazi. ("DARIUS iii. Darius I the Great" ), ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''. December 15, 1994. Last updated May 9, 2012.〕 while others have generally supposed that the Greek term can be traced back to Old Persian *''dari''- ("golden") and that it was first associated with the name of Darius only in later folk etymology.〔 ==See also== *Achaemenid currency 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Persian daric」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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