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Dayahatyn
Dayahatyn (also spelled Dayakhatyn or Daya-khatyn or Bai Khatyn in folk) is a medieval caravanserai, sitting on the left bank of Amu Darya. It is around 170 km to the northwest of the modern city of Turkmenabat, Lebap Wilayah, near the border between Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It is a fortified square enclosure with sides of 53 metres long. It was originally a fortress built by Tahir ibn Husayn in the 9th century. In the 11th century, it was transformed into a caravanserai with fascinating brick-structures, providing shelter for not only caravans but also elites during their long journeys. The integrity of Dayahatyn acts as a typical example showing the mastering skill of Seljuk architects on brickworks during the 11th and 12th centuries. Because of its artistic excellence, Dayahatyn is regarded as one of the most valuable and the finest example of caravanserai structure extant in the Central Asia.
== The construction of Dayahatyn ==
There are several legends related to the construction of Dayahatyn. One of them is that the Rabat of Dayahatyn was built by a local ruler, who wished to hide from a beauty named Daya. Another version is about a rich man named Bai, who suspected his wife in infidelity and left home in the cloth of poor dervish. His wife Bai-Hatyn waited him to return for many years. In order to ease his suspicion, she built this beautiful Dayahatyn to show her love and fidelity to her husband. After years of wandering, Bai finally came back to the homeland as a worker in the caravansarei construction. Bai-Hatyn recognized him and they lived happily ever after.
Based on the archaeological finds and historic records, it is believed that Dayahatyn was originally the Tahiriya fort. The construction of the Tahiriya fort (which is also spelled as Takhiria) is attributed to Tahir ibn Husayn, founder of the Tahirid dynasty, in the 9th century This kind of fortresses of army detachments, or simply called as “Rabat”, were used for military training of the Ghazi Warriors. They studied the Koran and carried out military exercises and prayer offerings all within the fort.〔
Because of the frequent international trading activities, large groups of people were travelling along the Silk Road. Caravanserais were built in every 25-35 kilometres in cities and deserts along the ancient Silk Road to provide a shelter for travellers. As some areas are in the desolate steppes, walls and towers are needed to protect the coaching inn. Therefore, fortresses were sometimes transformed into caravanserais.〔 In the 11th century, the Tahiriya fort was turned into a brick-caravanserai, which is the present Dayahatyn.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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