|
De-alerting introduces some reversible physical change(s) to nuclear weapons or weapon systems in order to lengthen the time required to use nuclear weapons in combat.〔Starr, Steven. ( "An Explanation of Nuclear Weapons Terminology" ). Nuclear Age Peace Foundation 2008.〕 Because thousands of strategic nuclear warheads mounted on ballistic missiles remain on high-alert, launch-ready status, capable of being launched in only a few minutes,〔Blair, Bruce G. ( "A Rebuttal of the U.S. Statement on the Alert Status of U.S. Nuclear Forces" ). The Lawyers' Committee on Nuclear Policy 2007.〕 de-alerting has been proposed as a means to reduce likelihood that these forces will be used deliberately or accidentally.〔Blair, Bruce G. "Global Zero Alert for Nuclear Forces". Brookings 1995〕 De-alerting can be used to rapidly implement existing nuclear arms control agreements ahead of schedule.〔Blair, Bruce G., Feivieson, Harold A., von Hippel, Frank. "Taking Nuclear Weapons off Hair-Trigger Alert". Scientific American, November 1997, pp. 42-49.〕 Arms control agreements create a timetable to introduce irreversible changes to weapon systems (designed to reduce or eliminate the total numbers of these systems), but these changes generally occur incrementally over the course of a number of years. De-alerting can quickly implement the entire range of negotiated reductions in a reversible fashion (which over time are then made irreversible), thereby bringing the benefits of the negotiated reductions into being much more rapidly. It has been proposed that de-alerted nuclear weapon systems be classified into at least two categories or stages.〔 Stage I de-alerted weapons would require 24 hours to bring the weapon system back to high-alert status, and would preclude Launch-on-Warning capability and policy, thereby making impossible an accidental nuclear war caused by a false warning generated by early warning systems.〔Phillips, Alan and Starr, Steven. ( "Change Launch on Warning Policy" ). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies 2006.〕 ==Examples of de-alerting== # Placing large, visible barriers on top of missile silo lids which would be difficult to rapidly remove and could be easily monitored by on-site observers or national technical means (satellites),〔 # Removing or altering firing switches of missiles to prevent rapid launch, # removing batteries, gyroscopes, or guidance mechanisms from rockets or re-entry vehicles, and # Removing warheads from missiles and storing them in a separate, monitored location. Technical means could be engineered to provide frequent checks that nuclear missiles posed no immediate threat.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「De-alerting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|