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deCODE genetics, Inc. (Icelandic: ''Íslensk erfðagreining'') is a biopharmaceutical company based in Reykjavík, Iceland. The company was founded in 1996 by Kári Stefansson〔Herper, Matthew (6 March 2001) (DeCode-ing Schizophrenia ) Forbes, Retrieved 28 January 2015.〕 to identify human genes associated with common diseases using population studies, and apply the knowledge gained to guide the development of candidate drugs. The company isolated genes believed to be involved in cardiovascular disease, cancer and schizophrenia, among other diseases (the company's research concerning the latter is said to represent the first time a gene has been identified by two independent studies to be associated with schizophrenia). deCODE's approach to identifying genes, and in particular its attempt to set up an Icelandic Health Sector Database (HSD) containing the medical records and genealogical and genetic data of all Icelanders, was very controversial, and prompted national and international criticism for its approach to the concepts of privacy and consent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 author=David E. Winickoff )〕 Part of this project went ahead, in the form of a genealogical database of all Icelanders called ''Íslendingabók''. A legal judgement from the Icelandic Supreme Court in November 2003 effectively killed off the HSD project. However, the company believed it could continue to identify disease-related genes without such a database The company was removed from the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index in November 2008 In November 2009 the company filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy in a US court, listing total assets of $69.9 million and debt of $313.9 million. According to the American law deCODE was nevertheless allowed to continue its operations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=scienceblogs.com )〕 In January 2010 most of deCODE genetics Inc.’s assets were purchased by Saga Investments LLC – an investment company whose owners include Polaris Venture Partners and ARCH Venture Partners - who said they intended to continue most services including deCODE diagnostics and deCODEme™ personal genome scans and management team. In December 2012, deCODE genetics was purchased by Amgen for $415 million which in October 2013 spun off deCODE genetics' systems and database to a new company called NextCODE Health〔Proffit, Allison (24 October 2013) (NextCODE Health Launches deCODE's Clinical Genomics Platform ) Bio IT World, Retrieved 28 January 2015.〕 which in turn was acquired in January 2015 by the Chinese company WuXi PharmaTech for $65 million.〔(9 January 2015) (WuXi PharmaTech Acquires NextCODE Health to Create Global Leader in Genomic Medicine ) PR Newswire, Retrieved 28 January 2015.〕 ==History== DeCODE was founded in 1994 by Ernir Kristján Snorrason, Kári Stefánsson, and Kristleifur Kristjánsson.〔'Andlát: Dr. Ernir K. Snorrason', ''Morgunblaðið'' (30.4.2012), http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2012/04/30/andlat_dr_ernir_k_snorrason/; Hörður Kristjánsson, 'Meðstofnandinn gerði dómsátt við deCODE: Barðist hart gegn miðlægum gagnagrunni -- en segir ekkert lát af sinni hálfu á vinskap við Kára Stefánsson', ''DV'' (November 1, 2001), p. 5, http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=3022354.〕 In the late 1990s deCODE proposed to create the world's first population-wide genomic biobank by collecting data from the entire population of Iceland, which numbered 270,000 at the time. The plan had these three major components: creating a genealogical database, collecting biobank specimens by means of which genotyping could be done, and creating a national electronic health record system to connect genetic data to each individual's phenotype.〔 In December 1998 with lobbying from deCODE, the Icelandic Parliament passed the Act on Health Sector Database which permitted public bidding for the right of a company to create this health database and use it for various purposes.〔 The parliament shortly thereafter granted deCODE the right to create this database after the company made a successful bid to do so. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「DeCODE genetics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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