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Dead Hand (nuclear war)
Dead Hand ((ロシア語:Система «Периметр»), Systema "Perimetr", 15Э601),〔Literally, "Perimeter System"〕 also known as Perimeter, was a Cold-War-era nuclear-control system used by the Soviet Union.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Origin of Buzzer Monolyths, The Soviet Nuclear Defense System, and The Myth of the Dead Hand )〕 General speculation from insiders alleges that the system remains in use in post-Soviet Russia. An example of fail-deadly deterrence, it can automatically trigger the launch of the Russian intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) if a nuclear strike is detected by seismic, light, radioactivity and overpressure sensors. By most accounts, it is normally switched off and is supposed to be activated during dangerous crises only; however, it is said to remain fully functional and able to serve its purpose whenever needed.〔.〕
==Motivation==
The purpose of the "Dead Hand" system, as described in a book of the same name,〔. In the film, Dead Hand was mentioned along with the Norwegian weather rocket incident of 1995, and nuclear proliferation in the Muslim world, to show that Doomsday did not go away with the Berlin wall.〕 was to maintain a second strike capability, by ensuring that the destruction of the Soviet leadership would not have prevented the Soviet military from releasing its weapons.〔
Soviet concern about the issue grew with the U.S. development of highly accurate submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) systems in the 1980s. Until then, the United States would have delivered most nuclear weapons by long-range bomber or ICBM. Earlier U.S. sub-launched missiles, such as the 1960s-vintage UGM-27 Polaris and 1970s-vintage UGM-73 Poseidon, were considered too inaccurate for a counterforce or first strike attack, an attack against an opponent's weapons. SLBMs were reserved for attacking cities, where accuracy was of less importance. In the first case, an opponent with effective radar and satellite surveillance could expect a 30-minute warning of an attack before the first detonation. This made an effective first strike difficult, because the opponent would have time to launch on warning to reduce the risk of their forces being destroyed on the ground. The development of highly accurate SLBMs, such as the Trident C4 and later the D5 upset this balance. The Trident D5 is considered to be as accurate as any land based ICBM. Therefore, US or UK Trident submarine systems could stealthily approach an enemy's coast and launch highly accurate warheads at close range, reducing the available warning to less than 3 minutes, making a counterforce first strike or a decapitation strike viable.
The USSR took steps to ensure that nuclear retaliation, and hence deterrence, remained possible even if its leadership were destroyed in a surprise attack.〔 In contrast, Thompson argues that Perimeter's function was to limit acts of misjudgement by political or military leaderships in the tight decision making window between SLBM or cruise missile launches, and impact.〔.〕 He quotes Zheleznyakov on the purpose of Perimeter being "to cool down all these hotheads and extremists. No matter what was going to happen, there still would be revenge."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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