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Debarwa
Debarwa ((ティグリニャ語:ድባርዋ) (:dɨbarwa)) is a market town in central Eritrea. It is situated about 25 kilometers south of the capital Asmara, and has a population of about 25,000 inhabitants.〔Older writers, such as Samuel Purchas, often use a corrupt form of its name, "Barua".〕 It is the capital of the Debarwa district (''Tsilima'') in the Debub ("Southern") administrative region (one of five in Eritrea).
==History==
Debarwa was formerly the capital of an ancient Kingdom named Medri Bahri, which roughly translates as ''Sealand''. It was ruled by the Bahr negus (''King of the sea''). The Portuguese expedition under Cristóvão da Gama spent the rainy season of 1542 in Debarwa as the guests of the Bahr negus.〔R.S. Whiteway, editor and translator, ''The Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1441-1543'', 1902. (Nendeln, Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1967), pp. xlvif, 9〕 The Ottomans invaded part of Medri Bahri in 1557, and for several decades struggled for control over the local population and their Ethiopian neighbors. By the time everything settled, the Ottomans were confined to Suakin, Massawa, Hergigo and the immediate hinterlands, but at times their raids would reach into Bogos, Hamasien and Habab districts of Eritrea.〔Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1997), pp. 234-238〕
The town was hard hit by a typhus epidemic in 1893, which followed the misery of the Great Famine (1888-1892). A French visitor described Debarwa as "decimated", and all that was left of the once prosperous town were "a few piles of stones, an almost ruined church, and a few wretched hovels".〔Richard Pankhurst, ''An Introduction to the Medical History of Ethiopia'' (Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1990), p. 36〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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