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Debtera
A debtera (or dabtara;〔(Ethiopian evil eye belief and the magical symbolism of iron working, by Niall Finneran, Folklore 114 (2003):427-433 )〕 Ge'ez\Tigrinya\Amharic: ደብተራ ; plural, Ge'ez\Tigrinya: ''debterat'', Amharic: ''debtrawoch'' 〔Wolf Leslauwhite magic, ''Comparative Dictionary of Geʻez (Classical Ethiopic): Geʻez-English, English-Geʻez, with an index of the Semitic roots'', Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1987, ISBN 9783447025928, p. 122〕) is an itinerant religious figure among the Beta Israel〔 and in the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches,〔(Glossary ), Eritrean Print and Oral Culture, hosted on Canada Research Chair Humanities Computing Studio.〕 who sings hymns and dances for churchgoers, and who performs exorcisms and white magic to aid the congregation.〔〔(Magic and Ritual in the Ancient World, Part 4 edited by Paul Allan Mirecki, Marvin W. Meyer, Published by BRILL, 2002, p.170 )〕〔Turner, John W. "Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity: Faith and practices". (A Country Study: Ethiopia ) (Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, eds.) Library of Congress Federal Research Division (1991), (public domain )〕 A debtera will claim an ecclesiastical identity〔(Encyclopedia of African and African-American Religions By Stephen D. Glazier, published by Taylor & Francis, 16 Jan 2001, p.134 )〕 and behave as in minor orders.〔(Case Study: Demonization and the Practice of Exorcism in Ethiopian Churches by Amsalu Tadesse Geleta ). The Lausanne Movement, Nairobi 2000.〕 They may in fact be officially ordained as deacons,〔 or may act outside the Church hierarchy.〔(Encyclopedia of African and African-American Religions By Stephen D. Glazier, published by Taylor & Francis, 16 Jan 2001, p.124 )〕 They are usually feared by the local population,〔 who often mistake them for madmen.〔
== Official education and duties ==
Debteras are usually chosen from families of other debteras, and are trained from childhood〔(Ethiopian Christian liturgical chant: Performance practice ; The liturgical portions by Kay Kaufman Shelemay and Peter Jeffery, published by A-R Editions, Inc., 1994, pp.3-6 )〕 as scribes〔 (learning Ge'ez〔〔) and as cantors. They are often taught traditional medicine and lay religious rites as well.〔(Socialization and Social Control in Ethiopia By Reidulf Knut Molvaer, Published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1995, pp. 34, 44, 50, 67, 70, 111, 142, and 259 )〕 While studying, they often live by begging, retailing, or practicing traditional medicine.〔 The main purpose for their studies, however, is written and oral lore pertaining to religious functions, and the test for graduation is memorizing the psalter. Before services, they bathe and don white clothing, turbans,〔 and a loose striped over-garment called a ''shamma''. Debteras carry prayer sticks to the service, where they sing, dance, and play drums and sistra outside the church or the synagogue during religious services.〔
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