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Deckham is a residential suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead in Tyne and Wear, England. It is bordered by Gateshead to the north, Sheriff Hill to the south, Felling and Carr Hill to the east and Shipcote to the west. It lies on the B1296, the route of the old Great North Road, south of Gateshead, south of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and north of the city of Durham. In 2012, Deckham had a population of 9,228. Deckham's history is sparsely documented but suggests that the settlement was established at the junction of Carr Hill Road and the Old Durham Road in the early 19th century alongside the estate of Deckham Hall, built several centuries earlier and inhabited at one time by Thomas Deckham. The village grew, and at the turn of the 20th century was enveloped by urban spawl when neighbouring Gateshead absorbed its outlying villages and settlements. Deckham is largely distinguished from other areas by a commercial area on Old Durham Road which is the principal route through the suburb. Historically, Deckham was a village in County Durham and was incorporated into the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead by the Local Government Act 1972. Deckham has steep topography which has shaped the character of the suburb. Residents can enjoy striking views towards Newcastle upon Tyne and across the Team Valley. The settlement is governed locally by a Parliamentary Labour council and elects a Labour MP. Deckham is an area of social and economic deprivation, in the top ten per cent of such areas according to the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Housing stock is predominantly council housing and is, in many places, outdated and in need of modernisation. Whilst once the site of a coal mine, there is today no major employer in Deckham, which is considered a residential suburb of Gateshead. The main economic activity is in a commercial development on Old Durham Road. Deckham has a number of public houses, one of which, the Plough Inn, is more than 150 years old. The only education provision is at South Street Primary School, which is a good school according to OFSTED. There are two churches, one of which, the Church of St George, is a Grade II listed building, and community facilities are provided by Deckham Community Centre and the Elgin Centre in Carr Hill. ==History== (詳細はLow Fell, Deckham's history is sparsely recorded. It indicates that, by the middle of the 19th century, there was a small settlement〔Manders, 1973: 312〕 which was part of Gateshead Fell; a wild and treacherous area of common land〔Manders, 1973: 308〕 notable for the criminality of the tinkers and hawkers who lived there.〔Manders, 1973: 309. Indeed, in March 1888, ''North Country Lore and Legend, Monthly Chronicle'' recalled: "Gateshead Fell, as the name implies, was once a wild common, over a portion of which lay the road between Durham and Newcastle. The loneliness of the bleak moorland was quite guile enough to invest it with terror to travellers a hundred years ago and occasionally there were incidents that served greatly to enhance the evil repute of the locality ..." (author unknown)〕 Ordnance survey mapping illustrates the sparsity of buildings in 1860; the area contained little except Deckham Hall, a few other dwellings and two public houses〔"England - Durham: 007", Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 - Epoch 1 (1862). An online version may be available (here ) courtesy of British History Online (accessed 17 June 2012)〕 at the point where the old turnpike road〔Now Old Durham Road. The route of the B1296 Old Durham Road is exactly the same as the old turnpike road which ran through Gateshead Fell and which linked Durham to Newcastle-upon-Tyne (see Manders, 1973: 308)〕 branched off towards Carr's Hill.〔 The two public houses were the 'Speed the Plough'〔Manders, 1973: 312–3〕 and 'The Ship'.〔 The Deckham Hall estate was on the east side of Old Durham Road, 1.25 miles from the Tyne Bridge.〔Carlton, 1974: 26〕〔MacKenzie and Ross, 1834: 106〕 It is evidenced in 1614 and belonged to Thomas Deckham,〔MacKenzie, 1827, 760〕 who died the same year and bequeathed it to his granddaughter〔Walton, 1962 at para.3〕 with "three pounds for the bringing home of water" to the poor people of the area.〔 It changed hands regularly between the families Wooler, James and Bowker,〔 in the centuries after Deckham's death and varied in size whilst doing so.〔 Alderman Benjamin Biggar, Mayor of Gateshead 1861–2, is thought to have lived at Deckham Hall.〔Walton, 1962 at para.18〕 By the turn of the 20th century Deckham's rural aspect had changed. Whilst there remained large areas of grass and woodland between Deckham and Gateshead, there was a period of extensive building; several dozen dwellings were erected by 1895 in the Mount Pleasant area as Gateshead expanded southwards.〔'Newcastle Upon Tyne - Durham: 007/01', Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 - Epoch 1 (1895) An online version may be available (here )〕 A public house was built at the junction of Taylor Terrace and Split Crow Road.〔'Newcastle Upon Tyne - Durham: 007/01', Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 - Epoch 1 (1895) An online version may be available (here ) probably 'The Deckham Inn'.〕 Two years later, a tract of Tyneside flats was built on the west side of the Old Durham Road and many streets in the area, such as Chandos Street, Shipcote Terrace, Raby Street and Northborne Street, are evidenced, along with an unnamed school.〔County Series, Durham VII 5, 1987, scale 1: 2,500〕 By 1919, some rural scenes could still be enjoyed〔Manders, 1973: 314〕 but the fields were "rapidly encroached upon" in the 1920s and 1930s〔 and replaced with more terraced housing at Caris Street, Fullerton Place and Methuen Street and large tracts of council houses.〔NLP, 2006: 3 at para 1.8〕 By this time, Deckham Hall was in a state of disrepair and was notable to residents for its resemblance to a haunted house "because of its air of gloom and the strange echoes to be heard on windy nights".〔Walton, 1962 at para.25〕 The hall was demolished in 1930〔Carlton, 1974: 27〕 and more council houses were erected on the site.〔Walton, 1962 at para.26〕 Since the intensive period of house building, little has changed. At the west end of the suburb, the Tyneside flats at Northborne Street and surrounding streets remain ''in situ'' and here there is "housing and little else".〔GC07– Deckham West: 1〕 Much of this housing is in poor condition, some is in "crumbling disrepair" and requires substantial investment.〔NLP, 2006: 6 at para. 1.19〕〔UHC, 2006: 31 at para 8.3〕〔NLP, 2006: 13 at para.1.53〕 Old Durham Road has developed into the focal point of the neighbourhood〔UHC, 2006: 31 at para 8.7〕 and is the sole commercial area, with small, independent shops running along the western end of the road backing onto the streets from Inskip Terrace and Shipcote Terrace.〔UHC, 2006: 13 at para 2.11〕 Whilst many retail units are in a state of deterioration,〔UHC, 2006: 17 at para 4.7〕 and despite a report describing recent housing development on the east side of Old Durham Road as "poorly handled and unsightly",〔UHC, 2006: 25 at para 6.15〕 the area remains "interesting and lively".〔GC09– East Deckham: 1〕 By contrast, the central and eastern areas of Deckham are affected by a more marked decline. At the western edge there are stone remnants of an old, rural settlement,〔 but the remainder, grouped around Edgeware and Kingston Roads, consists of bland, repetitive social housing arranged on long, curved streets which combine to create an environment which is anonymous, claustrophobic and disorientating.〔 One source describes the environment as one where "eyesores become landmarks (lock–up workshops on Kingston Road), any slight change in materials becomes significant (system–built housing on Kingston Road), and any attempt to do something different becomes a relief (a corner garden on Mayfair Gardens)".〔 The net result is that, in Deckham today: There is something of a sense of isolation in parts of Deckham, especially further up the hill as development densities drop, commercial and social facilities disappear and activity levels on the street fall away. Around the Old Durham Road the surviving mix of small shops and meeting places generate some impression of communal spirit, but the poor condition of 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Deckham」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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