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A dede is a socio-religious leader in the islamic Alevi and non-islamic Ishikis community. The institution of dede is the most important of all the institutions integral to the social and religious organization of the Anatolian Alevis. Although much weakened as a result of the socio-economic transformation experienced in Anatolia towards the end of the nineteenth century, and particularly due to accelerated migration from the rural to the urban areas after the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, it played a primary role in the survival of Alevism until today. The institution of dedes is based on a three tiered hierarchy: # Murshid # Pir # Rehber In some regions this hierarchy is modified in such a way that the Pir and Murshid change places. This is exclusively a functional hierarchy, as all involved come from a dede family. They fulfill functions that are complementary in nature, and would be meaningless in isolation from each other. The dede families, all of them called ''ocakzâdes,'' have distributed these duties among themselves. An Alevis dede focusses on the islamic mystic teachings of the Twelve Imams, the Buyruks (mainly the ''Imam Câfer-i Sadık Buyruğu'') and Haji Bektash Veli and an Ishikis dede focusses more on esotericism beliefs and believe that traditions and ceremonies in Alevism are pre-islamic coming from the Hittites and Sumerinns religions claiming that it comes from them originally and rejects many teachings from Islam. == Qualifications == According to the books of the ''Buyruk'' which include the basic principles of the Alevi faith, and the traditions that survive among the Alevis, a dede must have the following qualifications:〔On the issue of the qualifications and functions of dedes, Peter J. Bumke gives valuable information. Bumke, ibid, pp. 18-21〕 * To be a descendant of the Prophet ''(ocakzâde).'' * To operate as an educator and a moral guide ''(mürebbi)'' for the community. * To be knowledgeable and exemplary in his character and manners ''(Al-Insān al-Kāmil).'' * To follow the principles written in the Buyruks, as well as the established traditions of Alevism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dede (religious figure)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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