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Defaunation
Defaunation is the loss of animals from ecological communities.〔Dirzo, R., Young, H., Galetti, M., Ceballos, G., Isaac, N., and Collen, B. "Defaunation in the Anthropocene." ''Science'' 345.401 (2014): 401-406.〕 The growth of the human population, combined with advances in harvesting technologies, has led to more intense and efficient exploitation of the environment. This has resulted in the depletion of large vertebrates from ecological communities, creating what has been termed "empty forest."〔 Defaunation differs from extinction; it includes both the disappearance of species and declines in abundance. Defaunation effects were first implied at the Symposium of Plant-Animal Interactions at the University of Campinas, Brazil in 1988 in the context of neotropical forests.〔 Since then, the term has gained broader usage in conservation biology as a global phenomenon.〔〔Dirzo, R. and Galetti, M. "Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Living in a Defaunated World." ''Biological Conservation'' 163 (2013): 1-6.〕
== Drivers ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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