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Deformulation refers to a set of analytical procedures used to separate and identify individual components of a formulated chemical substance.〔J. W. Gooch, Analysis and deformulation of polymeric materials: paints, plastics, adhesives, and inks, Springer, May 31, 1997.〕〔S. Narayan, S. Thanedar, Overview of polymeric materials deformulation (1996) Technical Papers, Regional Technical Conference - Society of Plastics Engineers, pp. 125-128.〕〔M. L. Bruck, G. F. Willard, The Art and Science of Paint Deformulation, Metal Finishing, 104 (9), pp. 23-24.〕〔W. Hea, G. Cheng, F. Zao, Y. Lin, J. Huang, R. Shanks, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 61 (2005) 1965–1970.〕 Deformulation applies methods of analytical chemistry and is often used to obtain competitive intelligence about chemical products. Deformulation is related to reverse engineering; however, the latter concept is most closely associated with procedures used to discover working principles of a device or a designed system through examination and dissassembly of its structure. The term, reverse engineering, has become specifically and almost exclusively linked to the field of software engineering;〔Eldad Eilam, Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering, Wiley, Indianapolis, 2005〕〔Andrew Huang, Hacking the Xbox: An Introduction to Reverse Engineering, Xenatera, 2003〕 whereas, deformulation is a term more applicable to the field of chemical manufacturing. Deformulation of a multicomponent chemical mixture may occur in several contexts, including the investigation of causes of chemical product failure, competitive benchmarking, legal inquiry to obtain evidence of patent infringement, or new product research and development. Depending upon this context and upon the level of information sought, the requirements of analyses for deformulation may differ.〔R. Chen, A. M. Tseng, M. Uhing, L. Li, J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 12 (2001)55–60.〕 Deformulation processes typically require the application of several analytical methods, and the selection of methods is dependent upon the degree of confidence required in the results. Methods of deformulation also have similarity to methods of forensic chemistry in which analytical procedures may be applied to discover the causes of material failure or to resolve a legal question. ==Deformulation Related to Intellectual Property Rights== In The United States, federal law recognizes a legal practice for the study of an item in hopes of obtaining a detailed understanding of the way in which it works for the purpose of creating duplicate or superior products without the benefit of having the plans for the original item. The studied item must first have been legally obtained, not stolen or otherwise misappropriated.〔Craig L. Uhrich, The Economic Espionage Act—Reverse Engineering and the Intellectual Property Public Policy,7 Mich. Telecomm. Tech. L. Rev. 147 2001.〕 The purpose of intellectual property protection is to provide incentives to invest and to advance the collective knowledge. It is felt that deformulation or reverse engineering helps to educate and promote healthy competition. It is considered to be a learning tool which provides a path to making new, competitive products that perform better and at lower cost than what is currently on the market. Deformulation is often considered along with benchmarking, patent mapping, and other competitor intelligence gathering processes as a means of conducting day-to-day business.〔P. Samuelson, S. Scotchmer, The Law and Economics of Reverse Engineering, The Yale Law Journal, 111, 1575-1663 April 10, 2002.〕 Other countries may have different conceptions about intellectual property rights and about legal allowances for deformulation or reverse engineering of items. For information concerning the legal status of deformulation practices in other countries throughout the world it is advisable to consult with an expert on intellectual property law. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Deformulation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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