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Degehabur ((ソマリ語:''Dhagaxbuur'')) is a town in the eastern part of Ethiopia known as the Ogaden. Located in the Degehabur Zone of the Somali Region on the Jerer River, it sits at 1044 meters above sea level. The town is the administrative center of Degehabur woreda. Local landmarks include the Church of St. George, and the white mosque of Degehabur, which Anthony Mockler described as "the most important in the Ogaden."〔Anthony Mockler, ''Haile Selassie's War'' (New York: Olive Branch, 2003), p. 70〕 The NGO Doctors without Borders operates a clinic in Degehabur.〔("Field News: Somali Region, Ethiopia: Thousands of IDPs in Search of Food and Water" ), MSF website (accessed 24 February 2009)〕 The upgrade of the 165-kilometer road between Degahabur and the Regional capital, Jijiga, to an all-weather asphalt road was announced to be almost complete 31 October 2007, with the remaining 40 kilometers awaiting completion.〔("Jijjiga-Degehabur asphalt road enables to strengthen development" ) (accessed 29 April 2009)〕 Construction of an 106-kilometer asphalt road between Degehabur and the town of Shekosh was underway by March 2009. Local inhabitants constitute half of the 1,100 workers employed by the project.〔("Stakeholders voice continued support to ongoing Degehabour- Shikosh road project" ), Ethiopian News Agency website (accessed 14 April 2009)〕 ==History== During the nineteenth century, Degehabur was an important stopping point for caravans crossing the Haud for Hargeisa and Berbera, but when Major H.G.C. Swayne travelled through the area in 1893, he found it abandoned and uses it as an example of the destruction caused by "the insecurity resulting from inter-tribal feuds." According to Swayne, at the time of his visit "there were formerly many square miles of ''jowdri'' cultivation, which have been abandoned within the last few years, and now there is only left an immense area of stubble and the ruins of the village. Dagahbur used to be a thriving settlement of one thousand five hundred inhabitants ... now not a hut is left."〔Swayne, ''Seventeen Trips through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia'', third edition (London: Rowland Ward, 1903), pp. 25, 198〕 In the 1920s Degehabur started to recover. It was said that there were some two hundred villages within the distance of a day's travel and that these used the market at Degehabur. By 1931 there were motorable roads in five directions out from the town. Wealthy inhabitants had started erecting two-story buildings.〔("Local History in Ethiopia" ) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 20 November 2007)〕 Due to its strategic location, Degehabur used as by Dejazmach Nasibu Emmanual as his headquarters at the beginning of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. Despite the construction of a series of fortifications south of the town, the Italians under General Rodolfo Graziani defeated the Ethiopian defenders in the Battle of the Ogaden, and occupied Degehabur 30 April 1936.〔Mockler, pp. 127-9〕 The Nigerian Brigade drove the Italians from the town in March, 1941.〔Mockler, p. 365〕 Degahabur was fiercely defended by the 11th Brigade of the Ethiopian Army at the beginning of the Ogaden War, until the unit was ordered at the end of July 1977 to withdraw to Jijiga.〔Gebru Tareke, ("The Ethiopia-Somalia War of 1977 Revisited )", ''International Journal of African Historical Studies'', 2000 (33, #3), pp. 635ff at p. 645. (accessed 13 May 2009)〕 It was recaptured by the 69th Brigade and the Third Cuban Tank Brigade 6 March 1978.〔Gebru Tareke, "The Ethiopia-Somalia War", pp. 659, 660.〕 Haji Abdinur Sheikh Mumin, imam of the Degehabur mosque, was one of those arrested in 1994 for supporting the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF). Amnesty international reported in 1996 that he was still in prison waiting for court trial.〔 On 28 May 2007, during the celebration of Ginbot 20 (celebrating the downfall of the Derg), Degehabur and Jijiga were the scenes of attacks on civilians and government officials. At least 16 people were killed and 67 injured; one of the injured was Abdulahi Hassan Mohammed, president of the Somali Region, who was speaking at the ceremony. The Ethiopian government blamed the attack on the ONLF, who afterwards denied responsibility for the attack.〔(Many killed in Ethiopia attacks ) (al Jazeera)〕 Partly in response to this attack, the Ethiopian Army began confiscating commercial vehicles that moved goods into the conflict-affected zones of Somali Region. In May 2007 the last major trade convoy left Hargeysa, consisting of 18 trucks stocked with food items and clothing. This convoy stopped near Degehabur and all 18 trucks were confiscated by the army and taken to the military base in that town. At the end of September 2007, four months later, according to their owners all 18 trucks were still impounded at the military base.〔("Collective Punishment: 'Economic war': Confiscation of Livestock, the Trade Embargo, and Other Restrictions" ), Human Rights Watch, 11 June 2008 (accessed 24 February 2009)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Degehabur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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