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Deioces
Deioces, Diako, Deyaco, Diyako or Deiokes (Greek Δηιόκης) was, according to Herodotus, the first king of the Medes although this is contested. In the late 8th century BC there was a Daiukku or Dayukku〔Cuneiform ''Da-a-a-uk-ku''; this, like the Greek form, presumably reflects an Iranian
*''Dahyu-ka''-, based on ''dahyu''- 'land': Rüdiger Schmitt, "(Deioces )," ''Encyclopaedia Iranica.''〕 who was a Mannaean provincial governor. Perhaps Herodotus used the name in error.〔''Webster's New Biographical Dictionary'' (Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1988), p. 270: "Historically, probably a tribal chieftain confused by Herodotus with Phraortes."〕
==Deioces in Herodotus==
Herodotus (I: 96ff) says that Deioces (Deyaco), father of Phraortes, was "a man of great ability and ambitious for power" in a time when there was no government in the region; people in his own and other villages chose him to arbitrate disputes, and eventually selected him as their king: "Let us appoint one of our number to rule us so that we can get on with our work under orderly government, and not lose our homes altogether in the present chaos."〔''Herodotus: The Histories'', tr. Aubrey De Sélincourt (Penguin Books, 1954), p. 54.〕 They built him first a palace and then a capital, Ecbatana (modern Hamadan). He established a strict protocol of seclusion and deference as well as a nationwide network of spies, administered justice, and ruled for fifty-three years; his son and successor was Phraortes, father of Cyaxares, who overthrew the Assyrian Empire and established the power of Media.
Rüdiger Schmitt writes:
Herodotus’ account seems to have been based on an oral tradition; from it scholars have deduced that Deioces was the founder of the Median royal dynasty and the first Median king to gain independence from Assyria. But it must be stressed that Herodotus’ report is a mixture of Greek and eastern legends and is not historically reliable. It has also been supposed ... that the Median king on whom Herodotus’ account is centered was actually Deioces’ son Phraortes, and it is therefore impossible to give the exact dates of Deioces’ reign, which probably spanned most of the first half of the 7th century B.C.E.〔Schmitt, "(Deioces )," ''Encyclopaedia Iranica.''〕
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