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|Section2= |Section3= }} Delphinine is a toxic diterpenoid alkaloid found in plants from the ''Delphinium'' (larkspur) and ''Atragene'' (a clematis) genera, both in the family ''Ranunculaceae''.〔''Phytochemical Dictionary''. J. B. Harbourne and H. Baxter (Eds.) (1993), p.148, London: Taylor & Francis.〕 Delphinine is the principal alkaloid found in ''Delphinium staphisagria'' seeds – at one time, under the name stavesacre, a very well known herbal treatment for body lice.〔http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/s/stavas90.html〕 It is related in structure and has similar effects to aconitine, acting as an allosteric modulator of voltage gated sodium channels, and producing low blood pressure, slowed heart rate and abnormal heart rhythms. These effects make it highly poisonous ( 1.5–3.0 mg/kg in rabbit and dog; frogs are ~10x more susceptible),〔M. H. Benn and J. M. Jacyno (1983). In ''The Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Vol.1'', (S. W. Pelletier, Ed.), pp.153–210, New York: Wiley.〕 but in very small doses it has some uses in herbal medicine. ==Isolation== One of the earliest reports of the isolation of delphinine, from ''D. staphisagria'', was that of the French chemists Lassaigne and Feneulle, in 1819.〔J. L. Lassaigne and H. Feneulle (1819) ''Ann. Chim. Phys.'' 12 358–371.〕 A less antique and more accessible report is that of the USDA chemist L. N. Markwood, who also briefly reviewed the earlier isolation work.〔L. N. Markwood (1927), ''J. Am. Pharm. Assoc.'' 16 928–932.〕 Notably, these early isolations were carried out without the aid of chromatography, since delphinine crystallizes readily from a petroleum ether extract after the typical acid-base cycling used in traditional plant alkaloid-extraction methods.〔W. A. Jacobs and L. C. Craig (1939) ''J. Biol. Chem.'' 127 361–366.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Delphinine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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