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Demographics of Syria
In 2011, the Syrian population was estimated at roughly 23 million permanent inhabitants, including people with refugee status from Palestine and Iraq and are an overall indigenous Levantine people. While most modern-day Syrians are commonly described as Arabs by virtue of their modern-day language and bonds to Arab culture and history, they are, in fact, largely a blend of the various Semitic-speaking groups indigenous to the region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PLOS ONE )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Geographical Structure of the Y-chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A coastal-inland contrast )〕 In 2011, Syria's population was 70-74% Sunni Muslim (59-60% Arabs, 9-11% Kurds and 2-3% Turkmen), other Muslims (including Alawites 10%, Shia and Ismaili) made up 16% of the population, Druse 2-3% various Christian denominations made up 10-12% and finally, there were a few Jewish communities in Aleppo and Damascus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Syria Demographics Profile 2014 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The World Factbook )〕 1,500 people of Greek descent lived in Syria at the time. The majority of them were Syrian citizens.〔(Ministry of Foreign Affairs )〕 The actual population has reduced by about 5 million since the Syrian Civil War started in 2011, with more than 4 million becoming refugees and at least 210,000 being killed. In 1920 it is estimated that 25-30% of the population was Christian. The percentage has fallen due to lower birth rates and emigration.
Arabic is the official, and most widely spoken, language. Arabic speakers make up 85% of the population (this includes some 500,000 Palestinians). Many educated Syrians also speak English and French. The Kurds, a majority of whom speak Kurdish, make up 9% of the population and live mostly in the northeast corner of Syria, as well in pockets all along the northern borders of Syria with Turkey, and demographically dominate the district of Afrin, west of Aleppo, though sizable Kurdish communities live in most major Syrian cities as well.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Syria )〕 Armenian and Turkmen are spoken among the small Armenian and Turkmen populations respectively. Aramaic is still spoken in two forms, the Syriac used by Assyrians and Western Neo-Aramaic used by Arameans inhabiting the villages of Bakh'a, Jubb'adin and Ma'loula.
60% of the population live in the Aleppo Governorate, the Euphrates valley or along the coastal plain; a fertile strip between the coastal mountains and the desert. Overall population density is about . Education is free and compulsory from ages 6 to 11. Schooling consists of 6 years of primary education followed by a 3-year general or vocational training period and a 3-year academic or vocational program. The second 3-year period of academic training is required for university admission. Total enrollment at post-secondary schools is over 150,000. The literacy rate of Syrians aged 15 and older is 86.0% for males and 73.6% for females.〔() 〕
Since 1960, censuses have been conducted in 1960, 1970, 1981, 1994 and 2004.
==Vital statistics==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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