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Dervish
A dervish or darvesh (from Persian درویش, ''Darvīsh'' via Turkish, (ソマリ語:''Daraawiish''), (アラビア語: درويش), ') is someone treading a Sufi Muslim ascetic path or "Tariqah", known for their extreme poverty and austerity. His〔(Dervishes )〕 focus is on the universal values of love and service, deserting the illusions of ego to reach God. In most Sufi orders, a dervish is known to practice dhikr through physical exertions or religious practices to attain the ecstatic trance to reach Allah. Their most common practice is Sema which is associated with Rumi.
==Etymology==
The Persian word ''darvīsh'' (درویش) is of ancient origin and descends from a Proto-Iranian word that appears in Avestan as "needy, mendicant", via Middle Persian ''driyosh'' The Iranian word is probably a cognate with the Vedic Sanskrit word an epithet of uncertain meaning applied to several deities. The Vedic word is probably to be analysed as that is "not perhaps "not poor", i.e., "rich." The existence of this Vedic cognate suggests that the institution of the holy mendicant was as prominent among the ancient Indo-Iranian people as it has been historically in later Iran in the form of dervish brotherhoods and also in India in the form of the various schools of sannyasis. However, because the etymology of the word is not apparent from the point of view of the modern Persian language, there have been attempts to make the parts of the word interpretable in terms of contemporary words and with reference to Sufic mystical concepts. ''Dar'' in Persian means "a door"; "dervish" has been interpreted as "one who goes from door to door".〔 The Persian word also gives terms for "ascetic" in some languages, as in the Urdu phrase ''darveshaneh tabi'at'', "an unflappable or ascetic temperament".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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