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A détournement (, French for "rerouting", "hijacking") is a technique developed in the 1950s by the Letterist International, and later adapted by the Situationist International (SI),〔''Report on the Construction of Situations'' (1957)〕 that was defined in the SI's inaugural 1958 journal as "()he integration of present or past artistic productions into a superior construction of a milieu. In this sense there can be no situationist painting or music, but only a situationist use of those means. In a more elementary sense, ''détournement'' within the old cultural spheres is a method of propaganda, a method which reveals the wearing out and loss of importance of those spheres."〔 It has been defined elsewhere as "turning expressions of the capitalist system and its media culture against itself"〔Douglas B. Holt: Cultural Strategy Using Innovative Ideologies to Build Breakthrough Brands, Oxford University Press 2010, p.252〕—as when slogans and logos are turned against their advertisers or the political status quo.〔Martin Kaste (''Exploring Occupy Wall Street's 'Adbuster' Origins'' ), ''NPR'', October 20, 2011〕 Détournement was prominently used to set up subversive political pranks, an influential tactic called situationist prank that was reprised by the punk movement in the late 1970s〔Marrone, Gianfranco (2005) (''Sensi alterati: droghe, musica, immagini'' ), p.45, quote: 〕 and inspired the culture jamming movement in the late 1980s.〔 Its opposite is recuperation, in which radical ideas are twisted, commodified, and absorbed in a more socially acceptable context. ==Definition== In general it can be defined as a variation on previous work, in which the newly created work has a meaning that is antagonistic or antithetical to the original. The original media work that is ''détourned'' must be somewhat familiar to the target audience, so that it can appreciate the opposition of the new message. The artist or commentator making the variation can reuse only some of the characteristic elements of the originating work. Détournement is similar to satirical parody, but employs more direct reuse or faithful mimicry of the original works rather than constructing a new work which merely alludes strongly to the original. It may be contrasted with recuperation, in which originally subversive works and ideas are themselves appropriated by mainstream media. One could view détournement as forming the opposite side of the coin to 'recuperation' (where radical ideas and images become safe and commodified), in that images produced by the spectacle get altered and subverted so that rather than supporting the ''status quo'', their meaning becomes changed in order to put across a more radical or oppositional message. Guy Debord and Gil J Wolman categorized détourned elements into two types: ''minor détournements'' and ''deceptive détournements''. Minor détournements are détournements of elements that in themselves are of no real importance such as a snapshot, a press clipping, an everyday object which draw all their meaning from being placed in a new context. Deceptive détournements are when already significant elements such as a major political or philosophical text, great artwork or work of literature take on new meanings or scope by being placed in a new context.〔(A User's Guide To Détournement May 1956 )〕 Détournement is the integration of past or present artistic production into a superior construction of a milieu. In this sense there can be no situationist painting or music, but only a situationist use of these means. In a more primitive sense, détournement with the old cultural spheres is a method of propaganda, a method that testifies to the wearing out and loss of importance of those spheres.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Détournement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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