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Paul Jakob Deussen ((:ˈpaʊl ˈjaːkop ˈdɔʏsən); January 7, 1845 – July 6, 1919) was a German Orientalist and Sanskrit scholar.〔"Comparative Religious And Philosophies : Anthropomorphlsm And Divinity", by Mahinder N. Gulati, p. 106〕 Strongly influenced by Arthur Schopenhauer, Deussen was a friend of Friedrich Nietzsche and Swami Vivekananda. In 1911, he founded the Schopenhauer Society (''Schopenhauer-Gesellschaft''). Professor Deussen was the first editor, in 1912, of the scholarly journal Schopenhauer Yearbook (''Schopenhauer-Jahrbuch''). Deussen, who 'Sanskritised' his name to ‘Deva-Sena’ as a mark of his admiration for Hinduism, is one of the distinguished roll of Europeans who — often with lyrical admiration — participated in the scholarly Western discovery of Sanskrit and Hinduism that took place in British India itself, Germany, France and England. ==Biography== Paul Deussen was born in 1845 in Oberdreis in the Rhine Province, one of eight children of a clergyman of modest means. He became a student, and lifelong devotee, of the German philosopher Schopenhauer, and of the philosophy of Kant; and he became a friend of Friedrich Nietzsche. Deussen was educated at Bonn, Tübingen and Berlin Universities between 1864 and 1881, writing his dissertation on Plato’s philosophy. Deussen was appointed ''Privatdocent'' (1881-7) and ''Extraordinarius'' (1887-9) at the university of Berlin, and ''Ordinarius'' (1889–1919, the year of his death), at the University of Kiel. Until 1919, Deussen continued to edit the Schopenhauer Yearbook, as well as working on an edition of Schopenhauer’s works. It was when he attended a lecture by Professor Lassen expounding the ''Shakuntala'' that Deussen was fired by Sanskrit and Hinduism. His first publication in 1877 was published in English as ''The Elements of Metaphysics'' in 1894. It was followed by the translations of ''The Sutra of the Vedanta'' in 1906; ''The Philosophy of the Upanishads'' also in 1906; and ''The System of the Vedanta'' in 1912. His visit to India in 1904 was published in English as ''My Indian Reminiscences'' in 1912. However, his autobiographical papers, edited by his widow Erica and published in German in 1922, have not so far been translated into English. Deussen’s ''System of the Vedanta'' has been reprinted several times: he uses the ''Brahmasutra'' and – rather less — Adi Shankara’s commentary on it, as the structure for his exposition. Some critics believe that Deussen’s lifelong admiration for Schopenhauer — as greater even than Kant — coloured his vision of Hinduism and gave it a noumenal, Christian ethos; however his scholarship is immense, perceptive, and meticulous. Paul Deussen’s name is thus linked with George Boucher, Sir William Jones and Sir John Woodroffe in British India, Anquetil-Duperron and Eugène Burnouf in France, Heinrich Roth, Franz Bopp, Friedrich von Schlegel and Max Müller in Germany, in the European revelation of the wealth of Hinduism as revealed by Sanskrit documents. And if this search was diverted by the theories of ‘Indo-Germanic’ as a mother tongue, and other later vested interests such as ‘Aryanism’, the scholarship of these pioneers stands in its own right. Paul Deussen won praise on his Indian tour from the assembled Indian pundits, and warmly from Swami Vivekananda himself in a personal tribute. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Deussen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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