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In South India, a devadasi ((サンスクリット:''servant of deva (god) or devi (goddess)'' )) is a girl "dedicated" to worship and service of a deity or a temple for the rest of her life. The dedication takes place in a Pottukattu ceremony which is similar in some ways to marriage. Originally, in addition to taking care of the temple and performing rituals, these women learned and practiced Sadir (Bharatanatya), Odissi and other classical Indian artistic traditions and enjoyed a high social status as dance and music were essential part of temple worship. Traditionally devadasis had a high status in society. After marrying wealthy patrons, they spent their time honing their skills instead of becoming a housewife. They had children from their husbands who were also taught their skills of music or dance. Often their patrons had another wife who served them as housewife. During British rule in the Indian subcontinent, kings who were the patrons of temples and temple arts became powerless. As a result, devadasis were left without their traditional means of support and patronage. During colonial times, reformists worked towards outlawing the devadasi tradition on grounds that it supported prostitution. Colonial views on devadasis are hotly disputed by several groups and organizations in India and by western academics as the inability of the British to distinguish them from the girls who danced in the streets for the reasons other than spiritual devotion to the deity as in socio-economic deprivation and perusal of folk arts.〔Crooke, W., Prostitution?, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. X, Eds., James Hastings and Clark Edinburg, Second Impression, 1930.〕〔Iyer, L.A.K, Devadasis in South India: Their Traditional Origin And Development, Man in India, Vol.7, No. 47, 1927.〕〔(Donors, Devotees, and Daughters of God: Temple Women in Medieval Tamil Nadu ) Leslie C. Orre〕 Recently the devadasi system has started to disappear, having been outlawed in all of India in 1988.〔Devadasi.(2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 July 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica〕 Devadasis are also known by various other local terms, such as jogini. Furthermore, the devadasi practice is known as basivi in Karnataka and matangi in Maharashtra. It is also known as venkatasani, nailis, muralis and theradiyan.There were Devadasis from iyer communities as they performed Bharatanatiyam.〔(devadasi, at The Skeptic's Dictionary )〕 Devadasi are sometimes referred to as a caste; however, some question the accuracy of this usage. "According to the devadasis themselves there exists a devadasi 'way of life' or 'professional ethic' (vritti, murai) but not a devadasi jāti (sub-caste). Later, the office of devadasi became hereditary but it did not confer the right to work without adequate qualification" (Amrit Srinivasan, 1985). In Europe the term bayadere (from (フランス語:bayadère), ascending to (ポルトガル語:balhadeira), literally ''dancer'') was occasionally used.〔Bayadère. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 1 February 2008 from Oxford English Dictionary.〕 ==History== According to rules concerning temple worship (Agamas), dance and music are necessary ingredients of daily puja of deities in temples. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Devadasi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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