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Shrimp (food)
Shrimp and prawn are important types of seafood that are consumed worldwide. In biological terms, shrimp and prawns belong to different suborders of Decapoda, however they are very similar in appearance and in commercial farming and fisheries, the terms are often used interchangeably. However, recent aquaculture literature increasingly uses the term "prawn" only for the freshwater forms of palaemonids and "shrimp" for the marine penaeids.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://aquaculture.tn.nic.in/pdf/farming.pdf )〕
In the United Kingdom, the word "prawn" is more common on menus than "shrimp"; the opposite is the case in North America. The term "prawn" is also loosely used to describe any large shrimp, especially those that come 15 (or fewer) to the pound (such as "king prawns", yet sometimes known as "jumbo shrimp"). Australia and some other Commonwealth nations follow this British usage to an even greater extent, using the word "prawn" almost exclusively. When Australian comedian Paul Hogan used the phrase, "I'll slip an extra shrimp on the barbie for you" in an American television advertisement, it was intended to make what he was saying easier for his American audience to understand, and was thus a deliberate distortion of what an Australian would typically say. In Britain very small crustaceans with a brownish shell are called shrimp, and are used to make potted shrimps. They are also used in dishes where they are not the primary ingredient.
Shrimp and other shellfish are among the most common food allergens.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.foodallergy.org/allergens/index.html )〕 The Jewish laws of Kashrut forbid the eating of shrimp.〔(Yoreh De'ah - Shulchan-Aruch ) Chapter 1, ''torah.org''. Retrieved 17 June 2012.〕 According to the King James version of the Old Testament, it is acceptable to eat finfish, but shrimp are an abomination and should not be eaten.〔"All that are in the waters: all that... hath not fins and scales ye may not eat" ((Deuteronomy 14:9-10 )) and are "an abomination" ((Leviticus 11:9-12 )).〕 In Islam, the Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali schools allow the eating of shrimp, while the Hanafi school does not allow it in Sunni Islam as well as the Shi'ite school (Ja'fari).
==Nutrition and toxins==
Shrimp are high in levels of omega-3s (generally beneficial) and low in levels of mercury (generally toxic).〔Smith KL and Guentzel JL (2010) ("Mercury concentrations and omega-3 fatty acids in fish and shrimp: Preferential consumption for maximum health benefits" ) ''Marine Pollution Bulletin'', 60 (9): 1615–1618. 〕 As with other seafood, shrimp is high in calcium, iodine and protein but low in food energy. A shrimp-based meal is also a significant source of cholesterol, from 122 mg to 251 mg per 100 g of shrimp, depending on the method of preparation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cholesterol Content in Seafoods )〕 Shrimp consumption, however, is considered healthy for the circulatory system because the lack of significant levels of saturated fat in shrimp means that the high cholesterol content in shrimp actually improves the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol and lowers triglycerides.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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