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Devī is the Sanskrit word for "goddess"; the masculine form is Deva. Devi – the feminine form, and Deva – the masculine form, mean "heavenly, divine, anything of excellence", and are also gender specific terms for a deity in Hinduism. The concept and reverence for goddesses appears in the Vedas of Hinduism composed in 2nd millennium BCE, however they do not play a central role in that era.〔 Goddesses such as Saraswati and Usha have continued to be revered into the modern era.〔 The medieval era Puranas witnessed a major expansion in mythology and literature associated with ''Devi'', with texts such as the Devi Mahatmya, wherein she manifests as the ultimate truth and supreme power, and she has inspired the Shaktism tradition of Hinduism.〔Thomas Coburn (2002), Devī-Māhātmya: The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120805576, pages 1-23〕 The divine feminine, has the strongest presence as Devi in Hinduism, among major world religions, from the ancient times to the present. The goddess is viewed as central in Shakti and Saiva Hindu traditions.〔〔Flood, Gavin, ed. (2003), The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., ISBN 1-4051-3251-5, pages 200-203〕 ==Etymology== ''Devi'' and ''Deva'' are Sanskrit terms found in Vedic literature of 2nd millennium BCE. Deva is masculine, and the related feminine equivalent is devi. Monier Williams translates it as "heavenly, divine, terrestrial things of high excellence, exalted, shining ones".〔Klaus Klostermaier (2010), A Survey of Hinduism, 3rd Edition, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791470824, pages 101-102〕 Etymologically, the cognates of ''Devi'' are Latin ''dea'' and Greek ''thea''.〔John Stratton Hawley and Donna Marie Wulff (1998), Devi: Goddesses of India, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814912, page 2〕 When capitalized, ''Devi'' or ''Mata'' refers to goddess as divine mother in Hinduism.〔John Stratton Hawley and Donna Marie Wulff (1998), Devi: Goddesses of India, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814912, pages 18-21〕 ''Deva'' is also referred to as ''Devatā'',〔 while ''Devi'' as ''Devika''. According to Douglas Harper, the etymological root ''Dev-'' mean "a shining one," from *div- "to shine," and it is a cognate with Greek dios "divine" and Zeus, and Latin deus (Old Latin deivos).〔(Deva ) Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper (2015)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Devi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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