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Diatomyidae
The hystricomorphous sciurognathous rodent family Diatomyidae, found in Asia, is represented by a single known living species, ''Laonastes aenigmamus''.
== "Lazarus effect" ==
Prior to the discovery of ''Laonastes'', the family Diatomyidae was known only from fossils. The family has a nearly continuous fossil range from Early Oligocene fossils of ''Fallomus'' from the Lower Chitarwata Formation (32.5 million years ago, Bugti Member, Bugti Hills,〔Marivaux, L. & Welcomme, J.-L. 2003. New diatomyid and baluchimyine rodents from the Oligocene of Pakistan (Bugti Hills, Balochistan): Systematic and paleobiogeographic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23:420-434.〕〔Flynn, L. J., L. L. Jacobs, and I. U. Cheema. 1986. Baluchimyinae, a new ctenodactyloid subfamily from the Miocene of Baluchistan. American Museum Novitates, 2841:1-58.〕) in Balochistan, Pakistan, to Middle/Late Miocene fossils (11 Mya) of ''Diatomys''.
Jenkins ''et al.''〔Jenkins, Paulina D.; Kilpatrick, C. William; Robinson, Mark F. & Timmins, Robert J. (2004): Morphological and molecular investigations of a new family, genus and species of rodent (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricognatha) from Lao PDR. ''Systematics and Biodiversity'' 2(4): 419-454. (HTML abstract). Erratum: ''Systematics and Biodiversity'' 3(3):343. 〕 reported the discovery of a wholly unique new species of rodent, ''Laonastes aenigmamus'', for which they created a new family, Laonastidae. They suggested it was a hystricognath rodent, but basal to all other hystricognaths. Dawson, ''et al,''〔Dawson, M. R., L. Marivaux, C.-k. Li, K. C. Beard, and G. Métais. 2006. ''Laonastes'' and the "Lazarus effect" in Recent mammals. Science, 311:1456-1458.〕 re-evaluated the phylogenetic position of ''Laonastes'' based on morphology and included fossil taxa in their analysis. They determined ''Laonastes'' is actually sciurognathous and belongs to the Diatomyidae. They also described the Diatomyidae as a Lazarus taxon due to the 11-million-year gap between the most recent diatomyid in the fossil record and the existence of ''Laonastes'' today. The only other comparable length of time for a mammal Lazarus taxon is the monito del monte, which is part of a family (Microbiotheriidae), also most recently known from Miocene deposits. Mary Dawson described ''Laonastes'' as the "coelacanth of rodents" ().
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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