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''Dibao'' (''ti-pao''),〔; also romanized as ''tepao''.〕 sometimes called headmen〔 or constables,〔Bernhardt, Kathryn ''et al.'' ''(Civil Law in Qing and Republican China )'', p. 117. Stanford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8047-3779-7. Accessed 4 Nov 2011.〕 were local officials in Qing and early Republican China, typically selected from among the prominent landowners.〔Henriot, Christian. "Invisible Deaths, Silent Deaths: 'Bodies without Masters' in Republican Shanghai". ''Journal of Social History'', Winter 2009, p. 433.〕 Working in communities of around 100 households, they were charged with overseeing boundaries and land disputes.〔 He notarized all real estate deeds on a commission basis and collected the land tax,〔 as well as overseeing minor punishment such as the cangue.〔 As foreign missionaries and businessmen gained the right to hold property in China from the unequal treaties, the local headmen could be caught between them and their superiors in the Chinese hierarchy, for instance during the construction of the Woosung Road.〔Pong, David. "(Confucian Patriotism and the Destruction of the Woosung Railway, 1877 )", p. 649. ''Modern Asian Studies'', Vol. VII, No. 4. Cambridge University Press, 1973.〕 The ''dibao'' administered villages under the ordinary Chinese administrative system. A similar office called the ''shoubao'' (''shou-pao'') was established under the Qing in 1725 to manage the Banner system.〔Isett, Christopher Mills. ''(State, Peasant, and Merchant in Qing Manchuria, 1644–1862 )'', pp. 63 ff. Stanford University Press, 2007. ISBN 0-8047-5271-0. Accessed 4 Nov 2011.〕 The ''dibao'' were the successors of the Qin and Han ''tingzhang'',〔.〕 the Sui and Tang ''lizheng'',〔.〕 and Song ''baozheng''.〔.〕 They were occasionally also known as ''baozheng'' or as ''dijia''〔.〕〔(Nciku.com ). "(地保 )." Accessed 4 Nov 2011.〕 After 1900, they began to be replaced by less autonomous ''cunzheng'',〔.〕〔Liu, Chang. ''(Peasants and Revolution in Rural China: Rural Political Change in the North China Plain and the Yangzi Delta, 1850–1949 )'', p. 58. ''Routledge Studies in the Chinese Economy'', vol. 25. Routledge, 2007. ISBN 0-415-42176-4. Accessed 4 Nov 2011.〕 although this transition wasn't completed until the Republican era. ==See also== * village (China) * village head * notary public 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dibao」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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