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Dilong
Dilong (; lit. "earth dragon") is a Chinese dragon name that is also used to mean "earthworm" in Traditional Chinese Medicine and "Geosaurus" in Zoological nomenclature.
==Dragon==
In Chinese mythology, ''dilong'' 地龍 "earth dragon" is one of many types of ''-long'' 龍 dragons such as ''shenlong'' 神龍 "divine dragon" and ''huanglong'' 黃龍 "yellow dragon". Since ''dì'' 地 "earth; land; soil; ground" semantically contrasts with ''tian'' 天 "heaven; sky" (e.g., ''tiandi'' 天地 "heaven and earth; universe", see Tiandihui), the ''dilong'' is paired with the ''tianlong'' 天龍 "heavenly dragon". Chinese dragons were supposedly able to fly, and thus were considered celestial creatures rather than terrestrial ones like the "earthbound" ''dilong''. Two other exceptions are ''panlong'' 蟠龍 "coiled/curled dragon; a dragon that has not ascended to heaven" and ''tulong'' 土龍 "soil/earth dragon", which refers to the ''tuo'' 鼉 "Chinese Alligator" (cf. Japanese ''mogura'' 土竜 "mole").
''Dilong'' first occurs in the mid 7th-century CE History of Southern Dynasties biography of Liang Dynasty Admiral Wang Sengbian 王僧辯 (d. 555 CE). It says witnesses saw ''lianglong'' 兩龍 "two/paired dragons" that ascended into the sky, and this ''dilong'' "earth dragon" leaving Liang territory was interpreted as a portent of their defeat in 550 CE. Ronan and Needham (1995:308) cite another context in Wang's biography that says his boat had ''shuanglong'' 雙龍 "two dragons" on the side, which they construe as a "literary emendation" for ''shuanglun'' 雙輪 "two wheels" describing an early paddleboat.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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