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''Dioscorea'' is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family Dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔Govaerts, R., Wilkin, P. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2007). World Checklist of Dioscoreales. Yams and their allies: 1-65. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕〔Wilkin, P. & Thapyai, C. (2009). Flora of Thailand 10(1): 1-140. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok. 〕〔(Altervista Flora Italiana, Tamaro, ''Dioscorea communis'' (L.) Caddick & Wilkin )〕 It is named after the ancient Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides. They are tuberous herbaceous perennial lianas, growing to 2–12 m or more tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, mostly broad heart-shaped. The flowers are individually inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, with six petals; they are mostly dioecious, with separate male and female plants, though a few species are monoecious, with male and female flowers on the same plant. The fruit is a capsule in most species, a soft berry in a few species.〔(Flora of North America )〕〔(Flora of China, Vol. 24 Page 276, 薯蓣属 shu yu shu, ''Dioscorea'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1032. 1753. )〕 Several species, known as yams, are important agricultural crops in tropical regions, grown for their large tubers. Many of these are toxic when fresh, but can be detoxified and eaten, and are particularly important in parts of Africa, Asia, and Oceania (see yam article). One class of toxins found in many species is steroidal saponins, which can be converted through a series of chemical reactions into steroid hormones for use in medicine and as contraceptives. == Accepted species (613) and subspecies == # ''Dioscorea abysmophila'' Maguire & Steyerm. # ''Dioscorea abyssinica'' Hochst. ex Kunth # ''Dioscorea acanthogene'' Rusby # ''Dioscorea acerifolia'' Phil. # ''Dioscorea acuminata'' Baker # ''Dioscorea adenantha'' Uline # ''Dioscorea aesculifolia'' R.Knuth # ''Dioscorea aguilarii'' Standl. & Steyerm. # ''Dioscorea alata'' L. # ''Dioscorea alatipes'' Burkill & H.Perrier # ''Dioscorea althaeoides'' R.Knuth # ''Dioscorea altissima'' Lam. # ''Dioscorea amaranthoides'' C.Presl # ''Dioscorea amazonum'' Mart. ex Griseb. # ''Dioscorea amazonum var. klugii'' (R.Knuth) Ayala # ''Dioscorea amoena'' R.Knuth # ''Dioscorea analalavensis'' Jum. & H.Perrier # ''Dioscorea ancachsensis'' R.Knuth # ''Dioscorea andina'' Phil. # ''Dioscorea andromedusae'' O.Téllez # ''Dioscorea angustifolia'' Rusby # ''Dioscorea anomala'' Griseb. # ''Dioscorea antaly'' Jum. & H.Perrier # ''Dioscorea antucoana'' Uline ex R.Knuth # ''Dioscorea arachidna'' Prain & Burkill # ''Dioscorea araucana'' Phil. # ''Dioscorea arcuatinervis'' Hochr. # ''Dioscorea argyrogyna'' Uline ex R.Knuth # ''Dioscorea arifolia'' C.Presl # ''Dioscorea aristolochiifolia'' Poepp. # ''Dioscorea arnensis'' R. Knuth # ''Dioscorea asclepiadea'' Prain & Burkill # ''Dioscorea aspera'' Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. # ''Dioscorea aspersa'' Prain & Burkill # ''Dioscorea asperula'' Pedralli # ''Dioscorea asteriscus'' Burkill # ''Dioscorea atrescens'' R.Knuth # ''Dioscorea auriculata'' Poepp. # ''Dioscorea bahiensis'' R.Knuth # ''Dioscorea bako'' Wilkin 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dioscorea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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